aeroplanes- 第27部分

Helicopter。　A　type　of　flying　machine　which　has　a　large　propeller；

or　more　than　one；　revolubly　fixed　on　vertical　shafts；　by　means　of

which　the　machine　is　launched　and　projected　through　the　air。



Horizontal。　Level；　like　water。



Hydroplane。　A　term　used　to　designate　an　aeroplane　which　is

provided　with　pontoons；　whereby　it　may　alight　on　the　water；　and

be　launched　from　the　surface。　The　term　hydroaeroplane　is　most

generally　used　to　indicate　this　type　of　machine。



Impact。　The　striking　against；　the　striking　force　of　one　body

against　another。



Immersed。　Placed　under　water　below　the　surface。



Impinge。　To　strike　against；　usually　applied　where　air　strikes

a　plane　or　a　surface　at　an　angle。



Imitation。　Similarity；　the　same　in　appearance。



Incompatible。　Without　harmony；　incapable　of　existing　together。



Incurved。　Applied　to　a　surface　formation　where　there　is　a

depression；　or　hollow。



Inequalities。　Not　smooth；　or　regular；　uneven。



Infinitely；　Boundless；　in　great　number；　or　quality；　without

measure。



Initial。　The　first；　that　which　is　at　the　beginning。



Indestructibility。　Not　capable　of　being　injured　or　destroyed。



Influenced。　Swayed；　to　be　induced　to　change。



Inherent。　That　which　is　in　or　belongs　to　itself。



Initiating。　To　teach；　to　instill；　to　give　an　insight。



Indicator。　A　term　applied　to　mechanism　which　shows　the　results　of

certain　operations　and　enables　the　user　to　read　the　measure；

quantity；　or　quality　shown。



Inconceivable。　Not　capable　of　understanding；　that　which　cannot　be

understood　by　the　human　mind。



Institute。　To　start；　to　bring　into　operation。



Insignias。　Things　which　are　significant　of　any　particular　calling

or　profession。



Instinct。　That　quality　in　man　or　animals　which　prompts　the　doing

of　things　independently　of　any　direct　knowledge　or　understanding。



Intermediate。　Between；　that　which　may　be　within　or　inside　the

scope　of　the　mind；　or　of　certain　areas。



Intervening。　The　time　between；　also　applied　to　the　action　of　a

person　who　may　take　part　in　an　affair　between　two　or　more

persons。



Interval。　A　time　between。



Investigator。　One　who　undertakes　to　find　out　certain　things。



Incidence。　In　physics　this　is　a　term　to　indicate　the　line　which

falls　upon　or　strikes　another　at　an　angle。



Inverted。　Upside　down。



Invest。　To　give　to　another　thing　something　that　it　lacked　before。



Kinetic。　Consisting　in　or　depending　upon　motion。



Laminated。　Made　up　of　a　plurality　of　parts。　When　wooden　strips；

of　different　or　of　the　same　kinds　are　glued　and　then　laid

together　and　put　under　heavy　pressure

until　thoroughly　dried；　the　mass　makes　a　far　more　rigid　structure

than　if　cut　out　of　a　single　piece。



Launchiug。　The　term　applied　to　the　raising；　or　starting　of　a

boat；　or　of　a　flying　object。



Lateral。　In　mining　this　is　a　term　to　indicate　the　drifts　or

tunnels　which　branch　out　from　the　main　tunnel。　Generally　it　has

reference　to　a　transverse　position　or　direction；that　is；　at

right　angles　to　a　fore　and　aft　direction。



Lift。　The　vertical　motion；　or　direction　in　an　airship；　thus　the

lift　may　be　the　load；　or　the　term　used　to　designate

what　the　ship　is　capable　of　raising　up。



Ligament。　The　exceedingly　strong　tendons　or　muscles　of　birds　and

animals；　usually　of　firm；　compact　tissues。



Limitations。　Within　certain　bounds；　in　a　prescribed　scope。



Longitudinally。　Usually　that　direction　across　the　longest　part。



Majestically。　Grand；　exalted　dignity；　the　quality　which　inspires

reverence　or　fear。



Manipulate。　To　handle；　to　conduct　so　that　it　will　result　in　a

certain　way。



Maneuver。　A　methodical　movement　or　change　in　troops。



Manually。　To　perform　by　hand。



Manifestations。　The　act　of　making　plain　to　the　eye　or　to　the

understanding。



Manually…operated。　With　the　hands；　a　term　applied　to　such

machines　as　have　the　control　planes　operated　by　hand。



Maintained。　Kept　up；　to　provide　for；　to　sustain。



Material。　The　substance；　or　the　matter　from　which　an　article　is

made；　also　the　important　thing；　or　element。



Mass。　In　physics　it　is　that　which　in　an　article　is　always　the

same。　It　differs　from　weight　in　the　particular　that　the　mass　of

an　article　is　the　same；　however　far　it　may　be　from　the　center　of

the　earth；　whereas　weight　changes；　and　becomes　less　and　less　as

it　recedes　from　the　center　of　the　earth。



Margin。　The　edge；　the　principal　differecee　between　this　word　and

edge；　is；　that　margin　has　reference　also　to　a　border；　or　narrow

strip　along　the　edge；　as；　for　instance；　the　blank　spaces　at　the

edges　of　a　printed　page。



Medievral。　Belonging　to　the　Middle　Ages。



Mercury。　A　silver…white　liquid　metal；　usually　called　quicksilver；

and　rather　heavy。　It　dissolves　most　metals；　and　this　process　is

called　amalgamation。



Militate。　In　determining　a　question；　to　have　weight；　or　to

influence　a　decision。



Mobility。　Being　freely　movable；　capable　of　quick　change。



Modifieation。　A　change；　making　a　difference。



Monitor。　Advising　or　reproving。　Advising　or　approving　by　way　of

caution。



Monstrosities。　Anything　which　is　huge；　or　distorted；　or　wrong　in

structure。



Monorail。　A　railway　with　a　single　track；　designed　to　be　used　by　a

bicycle　form　of　carriage；　with　two　wheels；　fore　and　aft　of　each

other；　and　depending　for　its　stability　upon　gyroscopes；　mounted

on　the　carriage。



Momentum。　That　which　makes　a　moving　body　difficult　to　stop。　It　is

the　weight　of　a　moving　body；　multiplied　by　its　speed。



Monoplane。　The　literal　meaning　is　one　plane。　As　monoplane

machines　are　all　provided　with　a　fore　and　aft　body；　and　each　has

a　wing　or　plane　projecting　out　from　each　side　of　this　body；　it　is

obvious　that　it　has　two　planes　instead　of　one。　The　term；　however；

has　reference　to　the　fact　that　it　has　only　one　supporting　surface

on　the　same　plane。　Biplanes　have　two　supporting　surfaces；　one

above　the　other。



Multiplicity。　Frequently　confounded　with　plurality。　The　latter

means　more　than　one；　whereas　multiplicity　has　reference　to　a

great　number；　or　to　a　great　variety。



Muscular。　Being　strong；　well　developed。



Negative。　The　opposite　of　positive；　not　decisive。



Neutralize。　From　the　word　neuter；　which　means　neither；　hence　the

term　may　be　defined　as　one　which　is　not　a　part　of　either；　or　does

not　take　up　with　either　side。



Normal　Pressure。　Normal　means　the　natural　or　usual；　and　when

applied　to　air　it　would　have　reference　to　the　condition　of　the

atmosphere　at　that　particular　place。　If　the　pressure　could　change

from　its　usual　condition；　it　would　be　an　abnormal　pressure。



Notoriously。　Generally　known；　but　not　favorably　so；　the　subject

of　general　remark；　or　unfavorably　known。



Obscurity。　Not　well　known；　in　the　background；　without　clear

vision；　hidden　from　view。



Obliquely。　That　which　differs　from　a　right　angle；　neither

　obtuse　nor　acute；　deviating　from　a　line　by　any　angle　except　a

right　angle。



Obvious。　That　which　is　readily　observed　and　understood。



Orthopter。　That　type　of　flying　machine　which　depends　on　flapping

wings　to　hold　it　in　space；　and　to　transport　it；　in　imitation　of

the　motion　of　the　wings　of　birds　in　flying。



Oscillate。　Moving　to　and　fro；　the　piston　of　a　steam　engine　has　an

oscillating　motion。



Outline。　Describing　a　marginal　line　on　a　drawing；　setting　forth

the　principal　features　of　an　argument；　or　the　details　of　a　story；

or　the　like。



Overlapping。　One　placed　over　the　other。



Parabolic。　A　form　of　curve　somewhat　similar　to　an　ellipse。



Pedestal。　A　standard　or　support；　an　upright　to　hold　machinery。



Pertinent。　Appropriate；　pertaining　to　the　subject。



Pectoral。　The　bone　which　forms　the　main　rib　or　support　at　the

forward　edge　of　a　bird's　wing。



Persistent。　Keeping　at　it；　determination　to　proceed。



Perpendicular。　At　right　angles　to　a　surface。　This　term　is

sometimes　wrongly　applied　in　referring　to　an　object；　particularly

to　an　object　which　is　vertical；　meaning　up　and　down。　The　blade　of

a　square　is　perpendieular　to　the　handle　at　all　times；　but　the

blade　is　vertical　only　when　it　points　to　the　center　of　the　earth。



Pernicious。　Bad；　not　having　good　features　or　possessing　wrong

attributes。



Pendulum。　A　bar　or　body　suspended　at　a　point　and　adapted　to　swing

to　and　fro。



Perpetual。　For　all　time；　unending　or　unlimited　time。



Phenomena。　Some　peculiar　happening；　or　event；　or　object。



Pitch。　In　aviation　this　applies　to　the　angle　at　which　the　blades

of　a　propeller　are　cut。　If　a　propeller　is　turned；　and　it　moves

forwardly　in　the　exact　path　made　by　the　angle；　for　one　complete

turn；　the　distance　traveled　by　the　propeller　axially　indicates

the　pitch　in　feet。



Placement。　When　an　object　is　located　at　any　particular　point；　so

that　it　is　operative　the　location　is　called　the　placement。



Plane。　A　flat　surface　for　supporting　a　flying　machine　in　the　air。

Plane　of　movement　pertains　to　the　imaginary　surface　described　by

a　moving　body。　A　bicycle　wheel；　for　instance；　when　moving

forwardly　in　a　straight　line；　has　a　plane　of　movement　which　is

vertical；　but　when　the　machine　turns　in　a　circle　the　upper　end　of

the　wheel　is　turned　inwardly；　and　the　plane　of　rhovement　is　at　an

angle。



Pliant。　Easily　yielding；　capable　of　being　bent；　liable　to　be

put　out　of　shape。



Plurality。　See　multiplicity。　More　than　one。



Poise。　Held　in　suspension；　disposed　in　a　particular　way。



Pontoon。　Applied　to　a　series　of　boats　ranged　side　by　side　to

support　a　walk　laid　thereon。　In　aviation　it　has　reference　to　a

float　for　supporting　an　aeroplane。



Ponderous。　Large；　heavy；　difficult　to　handle。



Posterior。　The　rear　end；　the　opposite　of　anterior。



Principles。　The　very　nature　or　essence　of　a　thing；　the　source　or

cause　from　which　a　thing　springs。



Proportion。　The　relation　that　exists　between　different　parts　or

things。