reign£»¡¡¡¡it¡¡made¡¡a¡¡deep¡¡and¡¡lasting¡¡impression¡¡on¡¡all¡¡the¡¡
surrounding¡¡states£»¡¡and¡¡raised¡¡Wu¡¡to¡¡the¡¡short¡lived¡¡zenith¡¡of¡¡
her¡¡power¡£¡¡¡¡Hence£»¡¡what¡¡more¡¡natural£»¡¡as¡¡time¡¡went¡¡on£»¡¡than¡¡that¡¡
the¡¡acknowledged¡¡master¡¡of¡¡strategy£»¡¡Sun¡¡Wu£»¡¡should¡¡be¡¡popularly¡¡
identified¡¡with¡¡that¡¡campaign£»¡¡at¡¡first¡¡perhaps¡¡only¡¡in¡¡the¡¡sense¡¡
that¡¡his¡¡brain¡¡conceived¡¡and¡¡planned¡¡it£»¡¡afterwards£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡was¡¡
actually¡¡carried¡¡out¡¡by¡¡him¡¡in¡¡conjunction¡¡with¡¡Wu¡¡Yuan£»¡¡£§34£§¡¡¡¡Po¡¡
P¡®ei¡¡and¡¡Fu¡¡Kai£¿¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡obvious¡¡that¡¡any¡¡attempt¡¡to¡¡reconstruct¡¡even¡¡the¡¡
outline¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu's¡¡life¡¡must¡¡be¡¡based¡¡almost¡¡wholly¡¡on¡¡
conjecture¡£¡¡¡¡With¡¡this¡¡necessary¡¡proviso£»¡¡I¡¡should¡¡say¡¡that¡¡he¡¡
probably¡¡entered¡¡the¡¡service¡¡of¡¡Wu¡¡about¡¡the¡¡time¡¡of¡¡Ho¡¡Lu's¡¡
accession£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡gathered¡¡experience£»¡¡though¡¡only¡¡in¡¡the¡¡capacity¡¡
of¡¡a¡¡subordinate¡¡officer£»¡¡during¡¡the¡¡intense¡¡military¡¡activity¡¡
which¡¡marked¡¡the¡¡first¡¡half¡¡of¡¡the¡¡prince's¡¡reign¡£¡¡£§35£§¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡he¡¡
rose¡¡to¡¡be¡¡a¡¡general¡¡at¡¡all£»¡¡he¡¡certainly¡¡was¡¡never¡¡on¡¡an¡¡equal¡¡
footing¡¡with¡¡the¡¡three¡¡above¡¡mentioned¡£¡¡¡¡He¡¡was¡¡doubtless¡¡present¡¡
at¡¡the¡¡investment¡¡and¡¡occupation¡¡of¡¡Ying£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡witnessed¡¡Wu's¡¡
sudden¡¡collapse¡¡in¡¡the¡¡following¡¡year¡£¡¡¡¡Yueh's¡¡attack¡¡at¡¡this¡¡
critical¡¡juncture£»¡¡when¡¡her¡¡rival¡¡was¡¡embarrassed¡¡on¡¡every¡¡side£»¡¡
seems¡¡to¡¡have¡¡convinced¡¡him¡¡that¡¡this¡¡upstart¡¡kingdom¡¡was¡¡the¡¡
great¡¡enemy¡¡against¡¡whom¡¡every¡¡effort¡¡would¡¡henceforth¡¡have¡¡to¡¡be¡¡
directed¡£¡¡¡¡Sun¡¡Wu¡¡was¡¡thus¡¡a¡¡well¡seasoned¡¡warrior¡¡when¡¡he¡¡sat¡¡
down¡¡to¡¡write¡¡his¡¡famous¡¡book£»¡¡which¡¡according¡¡to¡¡my¡¡reckoning¡¡
must¡¡have¡¡appeared¡¡towards¡¡the¡¡end£»¡¡rather¡¡than¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡
Ho¡¡Lu's¡¡reign¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡story¡¡of¡¡the¡¡women¡¡may¡¡possibly¡¡have¡¡grown¡¡
out¡¡of¡¡some¡¡real¡¡incident¡¡occurring¡¡about¡¡the¡¡same¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡we¡¡
hear¡¡no¡¡more¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Wu¡¡after¡¡this¡¡from¡¡any¡¡source£»¡¡he¡¡is¡¡hardly¡¡
likely¡¡to¡¡have¡¡survived¡¡his¡¡patron¡¡or¡¡to¡¡have¡¡taken¡¡part¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
death¡struggle¡¡with¡¡Yueh£»¡¡which¡¡began¡¡with¡¡the¡¡disaster¡¡at¡¡Tsui¡
li¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡these¡¡inferences¡¡are¡¡approximately¡¡correct£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡a¡¡
certain¡¡irony¡¡in¡¡the¡¡fate¡¡which¡¡decreed¡¡that¡¡China's¡¡most¡¡
illustrious¡¡man¡¡of¡¡peace¡¡should¡¡be¡¡contemporary¡¡with¡¡her¡¡greatest¡¡
writer¡¡on¡¡war¡£
The¡¡Text¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu
¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡have¡¡found¡¡it¡¡difficult¡¡to¡¡glean¡¡much¡¡about¡¡the¡¡history¡¡of¡¡
Sun¡¡Tzu's¡¡text¡£¡¡¡¡The¡¡quotations¡¡that¡¡occur¡¡in¡¡early¡¡authors¡¡go¡¡to¡¡
show¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¨13¡¡chapters¡¨¡¡of¡¡which¡¡Ssu¡ma¡¡Ch¡®ien¡¡speaks¡¡were¡¡
essentially¡¡the¡¡same¡¡as¡¡those¡¡now¡¡extant¡£¡¡¡¡We¡¡have¡¡his¡¡word¡¡for¡¡
it¡¡that¡¡they¡¡were¡¡widely¡¡circulated¡¡in¡¡his¡¡day£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡can¡¡only¡¡
regret¡¡that¡¡he¡¡refrained¡¡from¡¡discussing¡¡them¡¡on¡¡that¡¡account¡£¡¡¡¡
Sun¡¡Hsing¡yen¡¡says¡¡in¡¡his¡¡preface£º¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡During¡¡the¡¡Ch¡®in¡¡and¡¡Han¡¡dynasties¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu's¡¡ART¡¡OF¡¡WAR¡¡
¡¡¡¡was¡¡in¡¡general¡¡use¡¡amongst¡¡military¡¡commanders£»¡¡but¡¡they¡¡seem¡¡
¡¡¡¡to¡¡have¡¡treated¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡work¡¡of¡¡mysterious¡¡import£»¡¡and¡¡were¡¡
¡¡¡¡unwilling¡¡to¡¡expound¡¡it¡¡for¡¡the¡¡benefit¡¡of¡¡posterity¡£¡¡¡¡Thus¡¡
¡¡¡¡it¡¡came¡¡about¡¡that¡¡Wei¡¡Wu¡¡was¡¡the¡¡first¡¡to¡¡write¡¡a¡¡commentary¡¡
¡¡¡¡on¡¡it¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡As¡¡we¡¡have¡¡already¡¡seen£»¡¡there¡¡is¡¡no¡¡reasonable¡¡ground¡¡to¡¡
suppose¡¡that¡¡Ts¡®ao¡¡Kung¡¡tampered¡¡with¡¡the¡¡text¡£¡¡¡¡But¡¡the¡¡text¡¡
itself¡¡is¡¡often¡¡so¡¡obscure£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡number¡¡of¡¡editions¡¡which¡¡
appeared¡¡from¡¡that¡¡time¡¡onward¡¡so¡¡great£»¡¡especially¡¡during¡¡the¡¡
T¡®ang¡¡and¡¡Sung¡¡dynasties£»¡¡that¡¡it¡¡would¡¡be¡¡surprising¡¡if¡¡numerous¡¡
corruptions¡¡had¡¡not¡¡managed¡¡to¡¡creep¡¡in¡£¡¡¡¡Towards¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡of¡¡
the¡¡Sung¡¡period£»¡¡by¡¡which¡¡time¡¡all¡¡the¡¡chief¡¡commentaries¡¡on¡¡Sun¡¡
Tzu¡¡were¡¡in¡¡existence£»¡¡a¡¡certain¡¡Chi¡¡T¡®ien¡pao¡¡published¡¡a¡¡work¡¡
in¡¡15¡¡CHUAN¡¡entitled¡¡¡¨Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡with¡¡the¡¡collected¡¡commentaries¡¡of¡¡
ten¡¡writers¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡There¡¡was¡¡another¡¡text£»¡¡with¡¡variant¡¡readings¡¡put¡¡
forward¡¡by¡¡Chu¡¡Fu¡¡of¡¡Ta¡hsing£»¡¡which¡¡also¡¡had¡¡supporters¡¡among¡¡
the¡¡scholars¡¡of¡¡that¡¡period£»¡¡but¡¡in¡¡the¡¡Ming¡¡editions£»¡¡Sun¡¡Hsing¡
yen¡¡tells¡¡us£»¡¡these¡¡readings¡¡were¡¡for¡¡some¡¡reason¡¡or¡¡other¡¡no¡¡
longer¡¡put¡¡into¡¡circulation¡£¡¡¡¡Thus£»¡¡until¡¡the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡18th¡¡
century£»¡¡the¡¡text¡¡in¡¡sole¡¡possession¡¡of¡¡the¡¡field¡¡was¡¡one¡¡derived¡¡
from¡¡Chi¡¡T¡®ien¡pao's¡¡edition£»¡¡although¡¡no¡¡actual¡¡copy¡¡of¡¡that¡¡
important¡¡work¡¡was¡¡known¡¡to¡¡have¡¡survived¡£¡¡¡¡That£»¡¡therefore£»¡¡¡¡is¡¡
the¡¡text¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡which¡¡appears¡¡in¡¡the¡¡War¡¡section¡¡of¡¡the¡¡great¡¡
Imperial¡¡encyclopedia¡¡printed¡¡in¡¡1726£»¡¡the¡¡KU¡¡CHIN¡¡T¡®U¡¡SHU¡¡CHI¡¡
CH¡®ENG¡£¡¡¡¡Another¡¡copy¡¡at¡¡my¡¡disposal¡¡of¡¡what¡¡is¡¡practically¡¡the¡¡
same¡¡text£»¡¡¡¡with¡¡slight¡¡variations£»¡¡is¡¡that¡¡contained¡¡in¡¡the¡¡
¡¨Eleven¡¡philosophers¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Chou¡¡and¡¡Ch¡®in¡¡dynasties¡¨¡¡¡¡£§1758£§¡£¡¡¡¡
And¡¡the¡¡Chinese¡¡printed¡¡in¡¡Capt¡£¡¡Calthrop's¡¡first¡¡edition¡¡is¡¡
evidently¡¡a¡¡similar¡¡version¡¡which¡¡has¡¡filtered¡¡through¡¡Japanese¡¡
channels¡£¡¡¡¡So¡¡things¡¡remained¡¡until¡¡Sun¡¡Hsing¡yen¡¡£§1752¡1818£§£»¡¡¡¡a¡¡
distinguished¡¡antiquarian¡¡and¡¡classical¡¡scholar£»¡¡who¡¡claimed¡¡to¡¡
be¡¡an¡¡actual¡¡descendant¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Wu£»¡¡£§36£§¡¡accidentally¡¡discovered¡¡a¡¡
copy¡¡of¡¡Chi¡¡T¡®ien¡pao's¡¡long¡lost¡¡work£»¡¡when¡¡on¡¡a¡¡visit¡¡to¡¡the¡¡
library¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Hua¡yin¡¡temple¡£¡¡£§37£§¡¡¡¡Appended¡¡to¡¡it¡¡was¡¡the¡¡I¡¡
SHUO¡¡of¡¡Cheng¡¡Yu¡Hsien£»¡¡mentioned¡¡in¡¡the¡¡T¡®UNG¡¡CHIH£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡also¡¡
believed¡¡to¡¡have¡¡perished¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡what¡¡Sun¡¡Hsing¡yen¡¡designates¡¡
as¡¡the¡¡¡¨original¡¡edition¡¡£¨or¡¡text£©¡¨¡¡¡¡a¡¡rather¡¡misleading¡¡name£»¡¡
for¡¡it¡¡cannot¡¡by¡¡any¡¡means¡¡claim¡¡to¡¡set¡¡before¡¡us¡¡the¡¡text¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡
Tzu¡¡in¡¡its¡¡pristine¡¡purity¡£¡¡¡¡Chi¡¡T¡®ien¡pao¡¡was¡¡a¡¡careless¡¡
compiler£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡appears¡¡to¡¡have¡¡been¡¡content¡¡to¡¡reproduce¡¡the¡¡
somewhat¡¡debased¡¡version¡¡current¡¡in¡¡his¡¡day£»¡¡without¡¡troubling¡¡to¡¡
collate¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡the¡¡earliest¡¡¡¡¡¡editions¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡available¡£¡¡¡¡
Fortunately£»¡¡¡¡two¡¡versions¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu£»¡¡even¡¡older¡¡than¡¡the¡¡newly¡¡
discovered¡¡work£»¡¡were¡¡still¡¡extant£»¡¡one¡¡buried¡¡in¡¡the¡¡T¡®UNG¡¡TIEN£»¡¡
Tu¡¡Yu's¡¡great¡¡treatise¡¡on¡¡the¡¡Constitution£»¡¡the¡¡other¡¡similarly¡¡
enshrined¡¡in¡¡the¡¡T¡®AI¡¡P¡®ING¡¡YU¡¡LAN¡¡encyclopedia¡£¡¡¡¡In¡¡both¡¡the¡¡
complete¡¡text¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡found£»¡¡though¡¡split¡¡up¡¡into¡¡fragments£»¡¡
intermixed¡¡with¡¡other¡¡matter£»¡¡and¡¡scattered¡¡piecemeal¡¡over¡¡a¡¡
number¡¡of¡¡different¡¡sections¡£¡¡¡¡Considering¡¡that¡¡the¡¡YU¡¡LAN¡¡takes¡¡
us¡¡back¡¡to¡¡the¡¡year¡¡983£»¡¡and¡¡the¡¡T¡®UNG¡¡TIEN¡¡about¡¡200¡¡years¡¡
further¡¡still£»¡¡to¡¡the¡¡middle¡¡of¡¡the¡¡T¡®ang¡¡dynasty£»¡¡the¡¡value¡¡of¡¡
these¡¡early¡¡transcripts¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡can¡¡hardly¡¡be¡¡overestimated¡£¡¡¡¡
Yet¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡of¡¡utilizing¡¡them¡¡does¡¡not¡¡seem¡¡to¡¡have¡¡occurred¡¡to¡¡
anyone¡¡until¡¡Sun¡¡Hsing¡yen£»¡¡acting¡¡under¡¡Government¡¡instructions£»¡¡
undertook¡¡a¡¡thorough¡¡recension¡¡of¡¡the¡¡text¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡his¡¡own¡¡
account£º¡¡
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Because¡¡of¡¡the¡¡numerous¡¡mistakes¡¡in¡¡the¡¡text¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡
¡¡¡¡which¡¡his¡¡editors¡¡had¡¡handed¡¡down£»¡¡the¡¡Government¡¡ordered¡¡
¡¡¡¡that¡¡the¡¡ancient¡¡edition¡¡£§of¡¡Chi¡¡T¡®ien¡pao£§¡¡should¡¡be¡¡used£»¡¡
¡¡¡¡and¡¡that¡¡the¡¡text¡¡should¡¡be¡¡revised¡¡and¡¡corrected¡¡throughout¡£¡¡¡¡
¡¡¡¡It¡¡happened¡¡that¡¡Wu¡¡Nien¡hu£»¡¡the¡¡Governor¡¡Pi¡¡Kua£»¡¡and¡¡Hsi£»¡¡¡¡a¡¡
¡¡¡¡graduate¡¡of¡¡the¡¡second¡¡degree£»¡¡had¡¡all¡¡devoted¡¡themselves¡¡to¡¡
¡¡¡¡this¡¡study£»¡¡probably¡¡surpassing¡¡me¡¡therein¡£¡¡¡¡Accordingly£»¡¡¡¡I¡¡
¡¡¡¡have¡¡had¡¡the¡¡whole¡¡work¡¡cut¡¡on¡¡blocks¡¡as¡¡a¡¡textbook¡¡for¡¡
¡¡¡¡military¡¡men¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡three¡¡individuals¡¡here¡¡referred¡¡to¡¡had¡¡evidently¡¡been¡¡
occupied¡¡on¡¡the¡¡text¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡prior¡¡to¡¡Sun¡¡Hsing¡yen's¡¡
commission£»¡¡¡¡but¡¡we¡¡are¡¡left¡¡in¡¡doubt¡¡as¡¡to¡¡the¡¡work¡¡they¡¡really¡¡
accomplished¡£¡¡¡¡At¡¡any¡¡rate£»¡¡the¡¡new¡¡edition£»¡¡¡¡when¡¡ultimately¡¡
produced£»¡¡appeared¡¡in¡¡the¡¡names¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Hsing¡yen¡¡and¡¡only¡¡one¡¡co¡
editor¡¡Wu¡¡Jen¡shi¡£¡¡¡¡They¡¡took¡¡the¡¡¡¨original¡¡edition¡¨¡¡¡¡as¡¡their¡¡
basis£»¡¡and¡¡by¡¡careful¡¡comparison¡¡with¡¡older¡¡versions£»¡¡as¡¡well¡¡as¡¡
the¡¡extant¡¡commentaries¡¡and¡¡other¡¡sources¡¡of¡¡information¡¡such¡¡as¡¡
the¡¡I¡¡SHUO£»¡¡¡¡succeeded¡¡in¡¡restoring¡¡a¡¡very¡¡large¡¡number¡¡of¡¡
doubtful¡¡passages£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡turned¡¡out£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡whole£»¡¡what¡¡must¡¡be¡¡
accepted¡¡as¡¡the¡¡closes¡¡approximation¡¡we¡¡are¡¡ever¡¡likely¡¡to¡¡get¡¡to¡¡
Sun¡¡Tzu's¡¡original¡¡work¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡what¡¡will¡¡hereafter¡¡be¡¡
denominated¡¡the¡¡¡¨standard¡¡text¡£¡¨
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡copy¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡used¡¡belongs¡¡to¡¡a¡¡reissue¡¡dated¡¡1877¡£¡¡¡¡
it¡¡is¡¡in¡¡6¡¡PEN£»¡¡forming¡¡part¡¡of¡¡a¡¡well¡printed¡¡set¡¡of¡¡23¡¡early¡¡
philosophical¡¡works¡¡in¡¡83¡¡PEN¡£¡¡£§38£§¡¡¡¡It¡¡opens¡¡with¡¡a¡¡preface¡¡by¡¡
Sun¡¡Hsing¡yen¡¡£¨largely¡¡quoted¡¡in¡¡this¡¡introduction£©£»¡¡¡¡vindicating¡¡
the¡¡traditional¡¡view¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu's¡¡life¡¡and¡¡performances£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡
summing¡¡up¡¡in¡¡remarkably¡¡concise¡¡fashion¡¡the¡¡evidence¡¡in¡¡its¡¡
favor¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡is¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡Ts¡®ao¡¡Kung's¡¡preface¡¡to¡¡his¡¡edition£»¡¡
and¡¡the¡¡biography¡¡of¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡from¡¡the¡¡SHIH¡¡CHI£»¡¡both¡¡translated¡¡
above¡£¡¡¡¡Then¡¡come£»¡¡firstly£»¡¡Cheng¡¡Yu¡hsien's¡¡I¡¡SHUO£»¡¡¡¡£§39£§¡¡¡¡with¡¡
author's¡¡preface£»¡¡and¡¡next£»¡¡a¡¡short¡¡miscellany¡¡of¡¡historical¡¡and¡¡
bibliographical¡¡information¡¡entitled¡¡SUN¡¡TZU¡¡HSU¡¡LU£»¡¡compiled¡¡by¡¡
Pi¡¡I¡hsun¡£¡¡¡¡As¡¡regards¡¡the¡¡body¡¡of¡¡the¡¡work£»¡¡¡¡each¡¡separate¡¡
sentence¡¡is¡¡followed¡¡by¡¡a¡¡note¡¡on¡¡the¡¡text£»¡¡if¡¡required£»¡¡and¡¡then¡¡
by¡¡the¡¡various¡¡commentaries¡¡appertaining¡¡to¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡arranged¡¡in¡¡
chronological¡¡order¡£¡¡¡¡These¡¡we¡¡shall¡¡now¡¡proceed¡¡to¡¡discuss¡¡
briefly£»¡¡one¡¡by¡¡one¡£
The¡¡Commentators
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡can¡¡boast¡¡an¡¡exceptionally¡¡long¡¡distinguished¡¡roll¡¡
of¡¡commentators£»¡¡which¡¡would¡¡do¡¡honor¡¡to¡¡any¡¡classic¡£¡¡¡¡Ou¡yang¡¡
Hsiu¡¡remarks¡¡on¡¡this¡¡fact£»¡¡though¡¡he¡¡wrote¡¡before¡¡the¡¡tale¡¡was¡¡
complete£»¡¡¡¡and¡¡rather¡¡ingeniously¡¡explains¡¡it¡¡by¡¡saying¡¡that¡¡the¡¡
artifices¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡war£»¡¡¡¡being¡¡inexhaustible£»¡¡¡¡must¡¡therefore¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡
susceptible¡¡of¡¡treatment¡¡in¡¡a¡¡great¡¡variety¡¡of¡¡ways¡£
¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡1¡£¡¡¡¡TS¡®AO¡¡TS¡®AO¡¡or¡¡Ts¡®ao¡¡Kung£»¡¡afterwards¡¡known¡¡as¡¡Wei¡¡Wu¡¡Ti¡¡
£§A¡£D¡£¡¡¡¡155¡220£§¡£¡¡¡¡There¡¡is¡¡hardly¡¡any¡¡room¡¡for¡¡doubt¡¡that¡¡the¡¡
earliest¡¡commentary¡¡on¡¡Sun¡¡Tzu¡¡actually¡¡came¡¡from¡¡the¡¡pen¡¡of¡¡this¡¡
extraordinary¡¡man£»¡¡whose¡¡biography¡¡in¡¡the¡¡SAN¡¡KUO¡¡CHIH¡¡reads¡¡like¡¡
a¡¡romance¡£¡¡¡¡One¡¡of¡¡the¡¡greatest¡¡military¡¡geniuses¡¡that¡¡the¡¡world¡¡
has¡¡seen£»¡¡and¡¡Napoleonic¡¡in¡¡the¡¡scale¡¡of¡¡his¡¡operations£»¡¡he¡¡was¡¡
especially¡¡famed¡¡for¡¡the¡¡marvelous¡¡rapidity¡¡of¡¡his¡¡marches£»¡¡which¡¡
has¡¡found¡¡expression¡¡in¡¡the¡¡line¡¡¡¨Talk¡¡of¡¡Ts¡®ao¡¡Ts¡®ao£»¡¡and¡¡Ts¡®ao¡¡
Ts¡®ao¡¡will¡¡appear¡£¡¨¡¡¡¡Ou¡yang¡¡Hsiu¡¡says¡¡of¡¡him¡¡that¡¡he¡¡was¡¡a¡¡great¡¡
captain¡¡who¡¡¡¨measured¡¡his¡¡strength¡¡against¡¡Tung¡¡Cho£»¡¡Lu¡¡Pu¡¡and¡¡
the¡¡two¡¡Yuan£»¡¡father¡¡and¡¡son£»¡¡and¡¡vanquished¡¡them¡¡all£»¡¡¡¡whereupon¡¡
he¡¡divided¡¡the¡¡Empire¡¡of¡¡Han¡¡with¡¡Wu¡¡and¡¡Shu£»¡¡and¡¡made¡¡himself¡¡
king¡£¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡recorded¡¡that¡¡whenever¡¡a¡¡council¡¡of¡¡war¡¡was¡¡held¡¡by¡¡
Wei¡¡on¡¡the¡¡eve¡¡of¡¡a¡¡far¡reaching¡¡campaign£»¡¡¡¡he¡¡had¡¡all¡¡his¡¡
calculations¡¡ready£»¡¡those¡¡generals¡¡who¡¡made¡¡use¡¡of¡¡them¡¡did¡¡not¡¡
lose¡¡on
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£
ÔÞÒ»ÏÂ
Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü