then walk out into the country for an hour or more； then back to his room and more law until midnight by the light of his tallow dip。
But this was not an ordinary daybeing one that he had long waited for and was destined never to forget。 At dusk the evening before； the post…rider； so tired that he had scarce strength of wind to blow his horn； had ridden into town bringing the mail from Philadelphia； and in this mail there was great news for him。 It had kept him awake nearly all of the night before； it had been uppermost in his mind the entire day in school。 At the thought of it now he thrust his watch into his pocket； pulled his hat resolutely over his brow； and started toward Main Street； meaning to turn thence toward Cross Street； now known as Broadway。 On the outskirts of the town in that direction lay the wilderness； undulating away for hundreds of miles like a vast green robe with scarce a rift of human making。
He failed to urge his way through the throng as speedily as he may have expected； being withheld at moments by passing acquaintances； and at others pausing of his own choice to watch some spectacle of the street。
The feeling lay fresh upon him this afternoon that not many years back the spot over which the town was spread had been but a hidden glade in the heart of the beautiful； awful wilderness； with a bountiful spring bubbling up out of the turf； and a stream winding away through the green； valley…bottom to the bright； shady Elkhorn： a glade that for ages had been thronged by stately…headed elk and heavy…headed bison； and therefore sought also by unreckoned generations of soft…footed； hard eyed red hunters。 Then had come the beginning of the end when one summer day； toward sunset； a few tired； rugged backwoodsmen of the Anglo…Saxon race； wandering fearless and far into the wilderness from the eastern slopes of the Blue Ridge and the Alleghanies； had made their camp by the margin of the spring； and always afterwards； whether by day or by night； they had dreamed of this as the land they must conquer for their homes。 Now they had conquered it already； and now this was the town that had been built there； with its wide streets under big trees of the primeval woods； with a long stretch of turf on one side of the stream for a town common； with inns and taverns in the style of those of country England or of Virginia in the reign of George the Third； with shops displaying the costliest merchandise of Philadelphia； with rude dwellings of logs now giving way to others of frame and of brick； and； stretching away from the town toward the encompassing wilderness； orderly gardens and orchards now pink with the blossom of the peach； and fields of young maize and wheat and flax and hemp。
As the mighty stream of migration of the Anglo…Saxon race had burst through the jagged channels of the Alleghanies and rushed onward to the unknown； illimitable West； it was this little town that had received one of the main streams； whence it flowed more gently dispersed over the rich lands of the newly created State； or passed on to the Ohio and the southern fringes of the Lakes。 It was this that received also a vast return current of the fearful； the disappointed； the weak； as they recoiled from the awful frontier of backwood life and resought the peaceful Atlantic seaboardone of the defeated Anglo…Saxon armies of civilization。
These two far…clashing tides of the aroused； migrating racethe one flowing westward； the other ebbing eastwardJohn Gray found himself noting with deep interest as he moved through the town that afternoon a hundred years ago； and not less keenly the unlike groups and characters thrown dramatically together upon this crowded stage of border history。
At one point his attention was arrested by the tearful voices of women and the weeping of little children： a company of travellers with pack…horsesone of the caravans across the desert of the Western woodswas moving off to return by the Wilderness Road to the old abandoned homes in Virginia and North Carolina。 Farther on； his passage was blocked by a joyous crowd that had gathered about another caravan newly arrivednot one traveller having perished on the way。 Seated on the roots of an oak were a group of young backwoodsmenswarthy； lean； tall； wild and reckless of bearingtheir long rifles propped against the tree or held fondly across the knees； the gray smoke of their pipes mingling with the gray of their jauntily worn raccoon…skin caps； the rifts of yellow sunlight blending with the yellow of their huntingshirts and tunics； their knives and powder…horns fastened in the belts that girt in their gaunt waists： the heroic youthful sinew of the old border folk。 One among them； larger and handsomer than the others； had pleased his fancy by donning more nearly the Indian dress。 His breech…clout was of dappled fawn…skin； his long thigh boots of thin deer…hide were open at the hips； leaving exposed the clear whiteness of his flesh； below the knees they were ornamented by a scarlet fringe tipped with the hoofs of fawns and the spurs of the wild turkey； and in his cap he wore the intertwined wings of the hawk and the scarlet tanager。
Under another tree in front of a tavern bearing the sign of the Virginia arms； a group of students of William and Mary； the new aristocrats of the West； were singing； gambling； drinking； while at intervals one of them； who had lying open before him a copy of Tom Paine's 〃Age of Reason；〃 pounded on the table and apostrophied the liberties of Man。 Once Gray paused beside a tall pole that had been planted at a street corner and surmounted with a liberty cap。 Two young men； each wearing the tricolour cockade as he did； were standing； there engaged in secret conversation。 As he joined them； three other young menFederalistssauntered past； wearing black cockades； with an eagle button on the left side。 The six men saluted coolly。
Many another group and solitary figure he saw to remind him of the turbulent history of the time and place。 A parson； who had been the calmest of Indian fighters； had lost all self…control as he contended out in the road with another parson for the use of Dr。 Watts' hymns instead of the Psalms of David。 Near by； listening to them； and with a wondering eye on all he saw in the street； stood a French priest of Bordeaux； an exile from the fury of the avenging jacobins。 There were brown flatboatmen； in weather…beaten felt hats； just returned by the long overland trip from New Orleans and discussing with tobacco merchants the open navigation of the Mississippi； and as they talked； up to them hurried the inventor Edward West； who said with excitement that if they would but step across the common to the town branch； he would demonstrate by his own model that some day navigation would be by steam： whereat they all laughed kindly at him for a dreamer； and went to laugh at the action of his mimic boat； moving hither and thither over the dammed water of the stream。 Sitting on a stump apart from every one； his dog at his feet； his rifle across his lap； an aged backwoodsman surveyed in sorrow the civilization that had already destroyed his hunting and that was about sending him farther west to the depths of Missourialong with the buffalo。 His glance fell with disgust upon two old gentlemen in knee…breeches who met and offered each other their snuff…boxes； with a deep bow。 He looked much more kindly at a crave； proud Chickasaw hunter； who strode by with inward grief and shame； wounded by the robbery of his people。 Puritans from New England； cavaliers from Virginia； Scotch…Irish from Pennsylvania； mild…eyed trappers and bargemen from the French hamlets of Kaskaskia and Cahokia； wood…choppers； scouts； surveyors； swaggering adventurers； land…lawyers； colonial burgesses；all these mingled and jostled； plotted and bartered； in the shops； in the streets； under the trees。
And everywhere soldiers and officers of the Revolutioncome West with their families to search for homes； or to take possession of the grants made them by the Government。 In the course of a short walk John Gray passed men who had been wounded in the battle of Point Pleasant； men who had waded behind Clark through the freezing marshes of the Illinois to the storming of Vincennes； men who had charged through flame and smoke up the side of King's Mountain against Ferguson's Carolina loyalists； men who with chilled ardour had let themselves be led into the massacre of the Wabash by blundering St。 Clair； men who with wild thrilling pulses had rushed to victory behind mad Antony Wayne。
And the women！ Somethe terrible lioness…mothers of the Western jungles who had been used like men to fight with rifle； knife； and axenow sat silent in the doorways of their rough cabins； wrinkled； scarred； fierce； silent； scornful of all advancing luxury and refinement。 Flitting gaily past them； on their way to the dry goods storessupplied by trains of pack…horses from over the Alleghanies； or by pack…horse and boat down the Ohiohurried the wives of the officers； daintily choosing satins and ribands for a coming ball。 All this and more he noted as he passed lingeringly on。 The deep vibrations of history swept through him； arousing him as the marshalling storm cloud； the rush of winds； and sunlight flickering into gloom kindle the sense of the high； the mighty； the sublime。
As he was crossing the common； a number of young fellows stripped and girt for racingfor speed greater than an Indian's saved many a life in those days； and running was part of the regular training of the youngbounded up to him like deer； giving a challenge： he too was very swift。 But he named another day； impatient of the many interruptions that had already delayed him； and with long； rapid strides he had soon passed beyond the last fields and ranges of the town。 Then he slackened his pace。 Before him； a living wall； rose the edge of the wilderness。 Noting the position of the sun and searching for a point of least resistance； he plunged in。
Soon he had to make his way through a thicket of cane some twelve feet high； then through a jungle of wild rye； buffalo grass and briars； beyond which he struck a narrow deertrace and followed that in its westward winding through thinner undergrowth under the dark trees。
He was un