whom you convince will show it well enough by what they do。 ＇48＇ I
leave you then；〃 he added； 〃to the careful study of your parts： mine
is to see； so far as in me lies； that our troops are provided with all
they need； before we hold the council of war。〃
NOTES
C。1。 Cyrus' generosity： he is not cold； not incapable of soft
pleasure； but too pre…occupied with greater things。 On the whole； if a
hedonist； this type of man； a hedonist that = a stoic （cf。 Socrates；
H。 Sidgwick； also J。 P。）。
C1。4； init。 Well told： we feel the character of Araspas at once； as
soon as he opens his lips。
C1。4； med。 An Eastern picture。 She is one of the Bible women； as
Gadatas and Gobryas are brothers of Barzillai； she is sister of Ruth
or Susanna or Judith or Bathsheba。 Perhaps she is nobler than any of
them。 She is also the sister of the Greek tragedy women； Antigone；
Alcestis； especially Euripidean is she： no doubt she is sister to the
great women of all lands。
C1。10 ff。 Xenophon； Moralist。 Cf。 /Memorabilia/ for a similar
philosophical difficulty about the will and knowledge。 And for this
raising of ethical problems in an artistic setting of narrative； cf。
Lyly。 I see a certain resemblance between the times and the writers'
minds。 /Vide/ J。 A。 Symonds on the predecessors of Shakespeare。
Araspas' point is that these scamps have only themselves to blame；
being ｛akrateis｝； and then they turn round and accuse love。 （We are
thrown back on the origin of ｛akrasia｝： /vide Memorabilia/ ＇e。g。 I。
ii。 v。； IV。 v。＇ for such answer as we can get to that question。）
Whereas the ｛kaloi kagathoi｝ desire strongly but can curb their
desires。
C1。13。 Shows a confidence in the healthy action of the will。 When
Araspas himself is caught later on he develops the theory of a double
self； a higher and a lower （so hgd。； and so； I think； Xenophon and
Socrates。 /Vide Memorabilia/）。
C1。16； fin。 Cyrus ｜｜ Socrates； his prototype here。
C1。18。 Very natural and beautiful。 Xenophon sympathetic with such a
beautiful humanity。 The woman's nature brought out by these touches。
Xenophon； Dramatist： the moral problem is subordinate； that is to say；
is made to grow out of the dramatic action and characterisation。
C1。20。 Notice the absolutely fair and warrantable diplomatic advantage
given to the archic man： each step he takes opens up new avenues of
progress。 Herein is fulfilled 〃to him who hath shall be given；〃 but
Cyrus plays his part also； he has the wisdom of serpents with the
gentleness of doves。
C1。21。 This is the true rhetoric； the right road to persuasiveness； to
be absolutely frank。
C1。24。 The desire to be ruled by the archic man； which the archomenoi
i。e。 all menfeel； is thus manifest。 Notice again how the Mede's
own character is maintained： he speaks as he felt then。
C2。8。 The bridegroom will be found to be Hystaspas； but we have no
suspicion as yet； without looking on。
C2。9。 In this interview Cyrus' character still further developed。 /Ex
ore Cyri。/； Xenophon propounds his theory of the latent virtue in man；
which only needs an opportunity to burst forth； but； this lacking；
remains unrevealed。 Now it is a great godsend to get such a chance。 It
is thoroughly Hellenic； or Xenophon…Socratic； this feeling； 〃Give me a
chance to show my virtue。〃 （But has Cyrus a touch of superhuman
conscious rectitude？）
C2。12。 The same thought again： it is full of delicacy and spiritual
discernment： the more one ponders it the more one feels that。
C2。12； fin。 For Hellenic or Xenophontine or old…world theory of the
misfortunes which befall the virtuous； /vide/ Homer； /vide/ Book of
Job （Satan）； /vide/ Tragedians。
C2。15。 Cf。 the /Economist/ for praise of rural simplicity。 It is
Xenophon /ipsissimus/。
C2。17。 Whose bad manners is Xenophon thinking of？ Thebans'？
C2。20； fin。 A very noble sentence。 The man who utters it and the
people whose heart and mind it emanates from must be of a high order；
and in the /Memorabilia/ Socrates has this highest praise； that he
studied to make himself and /all others also/ as good as possible。
C2。21。 Notice the practical answer of Cyrus to this panegyric （cf。 J。
P。）。
C2。32。 Prolix； Xenophontic。
C3。6 ff。 Here also I feel the mind of Xenophon shimmering under
various lights。 The /Cyropaedia/ is shot with Orientalism。 Homeric
Epicismantique Hellenism and modern Hellenism are both there。
Spartan simplicity and Eastern quaintness both say their say。 In this
passage the biblical element seems almost audible。
C3。7。 This is in the grand style； Oriental； dilatory； ponderous；
savouring of times when battles were affairs of private arrangement
between monarchs and hedged about by all the punctilios of an affair
of honour。
C3。12。 N。B。The archic man shows a very ready wit and inventiveness
in the great art of 〃grab〃 in war； though as he said to his father he
was 〃a late learner〃 in such matters。 Cf。 in modern times the duties
of a detective or some such disagreeable office。 G。 O。 Trevelyan as
Irish secretary。 Interesting for /war ethics/ in the abstract； and for
Xenophon's view； which is probably Hellenic。 Cyrus now has the
opportunity of carrying out the selfish decalogue； the topsy…turvy
morality set forth in I。 C。6； C。26 ff。
C3。13。 Cf。 Old Testament for the sort of subterfuges and preparations；
e。g。 the Gibeonites。
C3。15。 The archic man has no time。 Cyrus ｛ou skholazei｝。 Cf。 J。 P。 It
comes from energy combined with high gifts of organisation； economic；
architectonic。
C3。19。 Nice； I think； this contrasting of spiritual and natural
productiveness。
C3。32。 Here is the rule of conduct clearly expressed； nor do I see how
a military age could frame for itself any other。 Christianity only
emerged /sub pace Romana/； which for fraternal brotherhood was the
fullness of time； and even in the commercial age the nations tumble
back practically into the old system。
C3。36 ff。 An army on forced march： are there any novelties here？
C3。53。 These minute details probably not boring at the time； but
interesting rather； perhaps useful。
C4。13。 Cyrus resembles Fawcett in his unselfish self…estimate。 Gadatas
is like the British public； or hgd。
C4。16。 Here we feel that the Assyrian is not a mere weakling： he can
play his part well enough if he gets a good chance。 It needs an Archic
and Strategic Man to overpower him。
C4。17。 ANCIENT and MODERN parallelism in treatment of wounded。
C4。24。 Hellenic war ethics： non…combatant tillers of the soil to be
let alone。 Is this a novelty？ If not； what is the prototype？ Did the
modern rights of non…combatants so originate？
C4。27； fin。 A touch which gives the impression of real history： that
is the art of it。
C4。34。 Almost autobiographical： the advantage of having a country seat
in the neighbourhood of a big town。 Here we feel the MODERNISM of
XENOPHON。 The passage which Stevenson chose for the motto to his
/Silverado Squatters/ would suit Xenophon very well （Cicero； De Off。
I。 xx。）。 Xenophon ｜｜ Alfred Tennyson。 ＇Mr。 Dakyns used the geometric
sign ｜｜ to indicate parallelism of any sort。 The passage from Cicero
might be translated thus： 〃Some have lived in the country； content
with the happiness of home。 These men have enjoyed all that kings
could claim； needing nothing； under the dominion of no man；
untrammelled and in freedom； for the free man lives as he chooses。〃＇
C4。36。 The wicked man as conceived in Hellenico…Xenophontine fashion；
charged with the spirit of meanness； envy； and hatred； which cannot
brook the existence of another better than itself。
C4。38。 A nice touch： we learn to know Gadatas and Xenophon also； and
the Hellenic mind。
C5。10。 Pathos well drawn： /vide/ Richard II。 and Bolingbroke。
Euripidean quality。
C5。12。 The archic man has got so far he can play the part of
intercessor between Cyaxares and his Medes。 The discussion involves
the whole difficulty of suppression （〃he must increase； but I must
decrease〃 is one solution； not touched here）。
C5。34。 Perhaps this is the very point which Xenophon； Philosopher；
wishes to bring out； the pseudo…archic man and the archic man
contrasted； but Xenophon； lover of man and artist； draws the situation
admirably and truthfully without any doctrinal purpose。 It is
｛anthropinon｝ human essentially； this jealousy and humiliation of
spirit。
C5。35。 Cyrus' tone of voice and manner must have some compelling charm
in them： the dialectic debate is not pursued； but by a word and look
the archic man wins his way。
C5。36。 Oriental and antique Hellenic； also /modern/； formalities。 I
can imagine some of those crowned heads； emperors of Germany and
Austria； going through similar ceremonies； walking arm…in…arm； kissing
on both cheeks fraternally； etc。
C5。39…40。 This reveals the incorrigible weakness of Cyaxares。 He can
never hold his own against the archic man。 As a matter of philosophic
〃historising；〃 probably Xenophon conceives the Median element as the
corrupting and sapping one in the Persian empire （/vide/ Epilogue）；
only he to some extent justifies and excuses Cyrus in his imitations
of it。 That is a difficulty。
C5。41。 The archic man shows self…command again： his energy somewhat
relieves ignobler actors of responsibility and so far saps their
wills。 His up…and…doingness a foil to their indolence。
BOOK VI
＇C。1＇ So the day ended； and they supped and went to rest。 But early
the next morning all the allies flocked to Cyaxares' gates； and while
Cyaxares dressed and adorned himself； hearing that a great multitude
were waiting； Cyrus gave audience to the suitors his own friends had
brought。 First came the Cadousians； imploring him to stay； and then
the Hyrcanians； and after them the Sakians； and then some one
presented Gobryas； and Hystaspas brought in Gadatas the eunuch； whose
entreaty was still the same。 ＇2＇ At that Cyrus； who knew already that
for many a day Gadatas had been half…dead with fear lest the army
should be disbanded； laughed outright and said； 〃Ah； Gadatas； you
cannot conceal it： you have been bribed by my friend Hystaspas to take
this view。〃
＇3＇ But Gadatas lifted up his hands to heaven and swore most solemnly
that Hystaspas