Ì´óµÄÒ»²¿·ÝÁË¡£
×¢°ËÈý£º¹ØÓÚÆäÖеÄÂÛÊö£¬²Î¿¼M¡£Noth£¬NHI£¬Èý¶þÎå¡«Èý¶þÁùÒ³£»M¡£Avi¡Yonah¼ûÇ°£¬Ò»ËÄ¡«¶þ¶þÒ³¡£
×¢°ËËÄ£ºÄáÏ£Ã×¼ÇʮһÕÂ3ÖÁ36½ÚµÄÃûµ¥£¬´ú±í×ÅÄáÏ£Ã×ʱ´úµÄÈË¿Ú¡£ÄáÏ£Ã×¼ÇÊ®¶þÕÂ1ÖÁ26½Ú£¬¼À˾ÓëÀûδÈ˵ÄÃû¼£¬´ú±í×Å×ÔËùÂްͲ®ÖÁÄáÏ£Ã×ʱ´úÖеÄÈËÎï¡£
×¢°ËÎ壺¼ÈÈ»ÄáÏ£Ãײ»ÊǼÀ˾£¬ËùÒÔËûÈÃλ¸øÉíΪ¼À˾µÄÒÔ˹À¡£ÁîÈ˷ѽâµÄÊÇ£¬ÄáÏ£Ãײ¢Î´¾³£Ìá¼°ÒÔ˹À¡£Ëû¿ÉÄܲ»´ó²ÎÓëÄáÏ£Ã×רÐÄÖÂÒâµÄÃñÕþ¡£
×¢°ËÁù£º¿ÉÄܸü¶àÊÇÔÚÆäËû·½Ã棬¶ø²»ÊÇÔÚÔÓ»éµÄʼþÉÏ£¬ÒòΪ¸ÕÔÚÊ®ÈýÄêÇ°¡£ÒÔ˹ÀÔø´¦ÀíÕâ¸öÎÊÌ⣻Ȼ¶øÖ÷Ç°ËÄÈý¡ðÄ꣬ÄáÏ£Ã×ÓÖÔÙ¶ÈÃæÁÙÕâ¸öÎÊÌâÁË£»²Î¿¼±¾Õ£¬ËÄÈýÆß¡«ËÄËÄÈýÒ³¡£
×¢°ËÆߣº¹ØÓÚÄÚÈÝÓëÂÛÊö£¬²Î¿¼DOTT£¬¶þÁù¡ð¡«¶þÁùÎåÒ³¡£
×¢°Ë°Ë£º²»µ¥¡¸ÑǹþË泡¹Õâ¸öÏ£²®À´Ãû×Ö£¬ÓëѦÎ÷µÄ²¨Ë¹Ãû×Ö¡°Khsheyar¡sha¡¨£¨²Î¿¼±¾Õ£¬ËÄÎåÈýÒ³£¬×¢ÁùÊ®£©ÒâÒåÏà·û£»ÒÔ˹Ìû¼ÇËù·´Ó³µÄÀúÊ·£¬ÓëѦÎ÷ÓйصÄÀúÊ·Ò²·Ç³£ÎǺϣ»¶øÒÔ˹Ìû¼ÇÖУ¬ÑǹþËæ³µÄÐÔÇ飬ÓëÊÀ½çÊ·ÖеÄѦÎ÷Ö®ÔìÐÍÏàËÆ¡£
×¢°Ë¾Å£º¿ÉÄÜÔÚÕâ¸öóÛÑçÖУ¬Ñ¦Î÷²ß»®ËûÄǽø¹¥Ï£À°µÄÖøÃûÕ½ÒÛ¡£
×¢¾ÅÊ®£ºËýµÄÏ£²®À´Ãû×ÖÊǹþ´óɳ£¨Hadassah£¬Ë¹¶þ7£©£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ¡¸ÃÄÌô¡¹£¨myrtle£©¡£ÒÔ˹Ìû¿ÉÄÜÒâÖ¸°Í±ÈÂ׵ġ¸ÒÁÊ©Ëû¶û¡¹£¨Ishtar£©£¬ÊÇһλÖØҪ֮ŮÉñµÄÃû×Ö¡£
×¢¾ÅÒ»£º°Í±ÈÂ×µÄÃû×ÖÊǸù¾ÝÉñÖ»Âê¶û¶Å¿ËµÄÃû×ÖÀ´ÃüÃûµÄ¡£
×¢¾Å¶þ£ºÊéɺλÓÚ²¨Ë¹Î÷Äϲ¿µÄ¿¨¹þºÎ£¨Karkheh¡¡River£©ÉÏ£¬¾à²¨Ë¹ÍåÒÔ±±Ò»°ÙÎåÊ®Á¨¡£ÔçÄêÊÇÒÔÀ¹µÄÊ׶¼¡£ÔÚ°¢¿ÑÃ×ÄáÍõ³¯£¬ËüÊÇÈý¸öÊ׶¼Ö®Ò»¡£´óÀûÎÚÒ»ÊÀÔøÔÚµ±µØ½¨ÔìÒ»×ù»ªÀöµÄ¹¬µî£¬Õ¼µØÁ½Ó¢Ä¶¡£ÒÔ˹ÌûÏÔȻסÔÚÕâ×ù¹¬µîÄÚ¡£Ò»°Ë°Ë¡ðÄêºÍÒ»°Ë¾Å¡£Ä꣬·¨¹úµÄ·¢¾òÕߣ¬ÔÚM£®DieulafoyµÄÁ쵼ϣ¬·¢¾òµ±µØ¡£Ëù·¢ÏÖµÄÖØÒªÎï¼þ´¢²ØÔÚ°ÍÀèµÄÂÞ¸¡¹¬¡£²Î¿¼R¡£Gmrshman£¬Iran¡¡from¡¡the¡¡Earliest¡¡Times¡¡to¡¡the¡¡Islamic¡¡Conquest£¨Baltimore£ºPenguin¡¡Books£¬1954£©¡£
×¢¾ÅÈý£º×ÔµÚÈýÄêÖÁµÚÆßÄê¼ä£¬Ëû¶¼ÂñÊ×ÓÚÏ£À°Õ½ÒÛÖС£²Î¿¼±¾Õ£¬ËÄÈý¡ð¡«ËÄÈýÒ»Ò³£¬ÒÔ˹ÌûÊÇÔÚÖ÷Ç°ËÄÆß°ËÄêºóÆÚ±»³ÙΪºóµÄ¡£
×¢¾ÅËÄ£ºÔÚµÚÒ»Ì죬ÓÌÌ«È˷dz£Ë³ÀûµØÍÀɱËûÃǵĵÐÈË£¬Òò´Ë£¬ÒÔ˹ÌûÒªÇóÍõ×¼ÐíËûÃÇÔÚµÚ¶þÌì¼ÌÐø²ÉÈ¡Ðж¯£¬ÍõÔÊ×¼ÁË¡£Á½ÌìÖ®ÄÚ£¬ÆßÍòÎåǧÈËÉ¥Ãü¡£
×¢¾ÅÎ壺Íõ½«ÚÍÖ¼´«µÝÒ»°Ù¶þÊ®Æ߸öÊ¡·Ý£¨Ë¹Èý13£»°Ë9£©£¬µ«²¢·Ç˵ÓÌÌ«È˱鲼ÔÚÒ»°Ù¶þÊ®Æ߸öÊ¡·ÝÄÚ¡£¿ÉÄÜËùÓеÄÚÍÖ¼¶¼Ó¦¸Ã´«Ë͵½µÛ¹úµÄÿһ²¿·Ý¡£
×¢¾ÅÁù£ºÏÈÇ°Ìá¼°ÔÚÄáÆÕ¶ûËù·¢ÏÖµÄʯ±®¶¼ÊÇÕâ¸öʱÆڵģ¨²Î¿¼±¾Õ£¬ËĶþÁù¡«ËĶþ°ËÒ³£©¡£±®ÎÄÇå³þµØ¼ÇÔص½£¬ÓÌÌ«ÈËÔÚóÒ×·½Ãæ·Ç³£»îÔ¾¡£
×¢¾ÅÆߣºÕâ¸öÊÂʵʹÊéÖÐÉñµÄ´æÔÚÓë¹ØÐľßÓÐÕæʵ¸Ð£¬ÒòΪÊéÖв¢Î´Ìá¼°ËûµÄÃû×Ö¡£
×¢¾Å°Ë£ºM¡£DieulafoyÔÚÊéɺ·¢¾òµÄʱºò£¬·¢ÏÖÒ»¸öËıßÐÎÀâÌ壬ËüµÄƽÃæ¿ÌÓÐÒ»¡¢¶þ¡¢Îå¡¢ÁùµÈÊýÄ¿¡£ÏÔÈ»ÊÇÕâ´Î¾ö²ßÖÐËù²ÉÓõÄ÷»×Ó¡£¡¸ÆÕçí¡¹Õâ¸ö×ÖÔ´ÓÚÑÇÊöµÄpuru×Ö£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ¡¸Ð¡Ê¯¡¹¡£
×¢¾Å¾Å£ºÒ¡Ç©µÄ½á¹û¸ü½øÒ»²½ËµÃ÷ÉñµÄ¾ì¹Ë¡£Ò¡Ç©µÄÈÕÆÚÊÇÑǹþËæ³µÚÊ®¶þÄêÒ»Ô£¬ÖÐÇ©µÄÈÕÆÚÊǵÚÊ®¶þÔ£¬ÓÐ×ã¹»µÄʱ¼ä»»ÐµÄÚÍÁÈÃÓÌÌ«È˲ÉÈ¡±¨¸´µÄÊֶΡ£
×¢Ò»¡ð¡ð£ºA£®Cowley·¢±íÁËÔçÆÚ·¢ÏÖµÄÆÑÖ½£¬Aramaic¡¡Papyri¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Fifth¡¡Century£¬B¡£C¡££¨Oxford£ºClarendon¡¡Press£¬1923£©£»²Î¿¼ANET£¬ËľÅÒ»¡«ËľŶþÒ³£»DOTT£¬¶þÎåÁù¡«¶þÁù¾ÅÒ³µÄժ¼¡£½ÏºóÆÚµÄÒ»×éÔÚÃÀ¹ú·¢±í£»²Î¿¼E¡£G¡£Kraeling£¬The¡¡Brooklyn¡¡Museum¡¡Aramaic¡¡Papyri£¨New¡¡Haven£ºYale¡¡University¡¡Press£¬1953£©¡£G¡£R¡£Driver·¢±íÁíÒ»×éµÄ×ÊÁÏ£¬Aramaic¡¡Documents¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Fifth¡¡Century£¬B¡£C¡££¨Oxford£ºClarendon¡¡Press£¬1954£»abridged¡¡and¡¡revised£¬1957£©¡£
×¢Ò»¡ðÒ»£º²Î¿¼±¾Õ£¬Ò³¡£
×¢Ò»¡ð¶þ£º¹ØÓÚÄÚÈÝ£¬²Î¿¼ANET£¬ËľÅÒ»Ò³£»¹ØÓÚÂÛÊö£¬²Î¿¼DOTT£¬¶þÎåÆßÒ³¡£
×¢Ò»¡ðÈý£º²Î¿¼E¡£G¡£Kraeling£¬¼ûÇ°£¬ÁùÈýÒ³¡£
×¢Ò»¡ðËÄ£ºÔÚ¸øÓÌ´óÊ¡³¤°Í¸ó°¢Ë¹µÄÐÅÉϵڶþÊ®¾ÅÐÐÌá¼°´ËÊ£¬ÇëÇóËûÐÖú½¨µî¡£²Î¿¼ANET£¬ËľŶþÒ³£»DOTT£¬¶þÁùËÄÒ³¡£
×¢Ò»¡ðÎ壺Ö°͸ó°¢Ë¹µÄÐÅÖУ¬µÚÊ®°ËÐÐÌá¼°´ËÊ¡£
×¢Ò»¡ðÁù£ºÔÚÕâ·ÝÆÑÖ½ÖеĵڶþÐУ»²Î¿¼ANET£¬ËľÅÒ»Ò³£»DOTT£¬¶þÎå¾ÅÒ³¡£
×¢Ò»¡ðÆߣº¹ØÓÚÒÁÀï·Ò¶¡µÄÌص㣬ÏêÇé²Î¿¼Price£¬Sellers£¬¡¡Carlson£¬The¡¡Monuments¡¡of¡¡the¡¡Old¡¡Testament£¨Pbiladelphia£ºThe¡¡Judson¡¡Press£¬1958£©£¬Èý¶þ¡ð¡«ÈýÈý¶þÒ³¡£