the true； distinct from the intellect； inseparable and unseparating； which is Being and the universe of things。 9。 What； then； is the content… inevitably separated by our minds… of this one Intellectual…Principle？ For there is no resource but to represent the items in accessible form just as we study the various articles constituting one science。 This universe is a living thing capable of including every form of life； but its Being and its modes are derived from elsewhere； that source is traced back to the Intellectual…Principle： it follows that the all…embracing archetype is in the Intellectual…Principle； which； therefore； must be an intellectual Kosmos； that indicated by Plato in the phrase 〃The living existent。〃 Given the Reason…Principle ＇the outgoing divine Idea＇ of a certain living thing and the Matter to harbour this seed…principle； the living thing must come into being： in the same way once there exists… an intellective Nature； all powerful； and with nothing to check it… since nothing intervenes between it and that which is of a nature to receive it… inevitably the higher imprints form and the lower accepts； it。 The recipient holds the Idea in division； here man； there sun； while in the giver all remains in unity。 10。 All； then； that is present in the sense realm as Idea comes from the Supreme。 But what is not present as Idea； does not。 Thus of things conflicting with nature； none is There： the inartistic is not contained in the arts； lameness is not in the seed； for a lame leg is either inborn through some thwarting of the Reason…principle or is a marring of the achieved form by accident。 To that Intellectual Kosmos belong qualities； accordant with Nature； and quantities； number and mass； origins and conditions； all actions and experiences not against nature； movement and repose； both the universals and the particulars： but There time is replaced by eternity and space by its intellectual equivalent； mutual inclusiveness。 In that Intellectual Kosmos； where all is one total； every entity that can be singled out is an intellective essence and a participant in life： thus； identity and difference； movement and rest with the object resting or moving； essence and quality； all have essential existence。 For every real being must be in actuality not merely in potentiality and therefore the nature of each essence is inherent in it。 This suggests the question whether the Intellectual Kosmos contains the forms only of the things of sense or of other existents as well。 But first we will consider how it stands with artistic creations： there is no question of an ideal archetype of evil： the evil of this world is begotten of need； privation； deficiency； and is a condition peculiar to Matter distressed and to what has come into likeness with Matter。 11。 Now as to the arts and crafts and their productions： The imitative arts… painting； sculpture； dancing； pantomimic gesturing… are； largely； earth…based； on an earthly base； they follow models found in sense； since they copy forms and movements and reproduce seen symmetries； they cannot therefore be referred to that higher sphere except indirectly； through the Reason…Principle in humanity。 On the other hand any skill which； beginning with the observation of the symmetry of living things； grows to the symmetry of all life； will be a portion of the Power There which observes and meditates the symmetry reigning among all beings in the Intellectual Kosmos。 Thus all music… since its thought is upon melody and rhythm… must be the earthly representation of the music there is in the rhythm of the Ideal Realm。 The crafts； such as building and carpentry which give us Matter in wrought forms； may be said； in that they draw on pattern； to take their principles from that realm and from the thinking There： but in that they bring these down into contact with the sense…order； they are not wholly in the Intellectual： they are founded in man。 So agriculture； dealing with material growths： so medicine watching over physical health； so the art which aims at corporeal strength and well…being： power and well…being mean something else There； the fearlessness and self…sufficing quality of all that lives。 Oratory and generalship； administration and sovereignty… under any forms in which their activities are associated with Good and when they look to that… possess something derived thence and building up their knowledge from the knowledge There。 Geometry； the science of the Intellectual entities； holds place There： so； too； philosophy； whose high concern is Being。 For the arts and products of art； these observations may suffice。 12。 It should however be added that if the Idea of man exists in the Supreme； there must exist the Idea of reasoning man and of man with his arts and crafts； such arts as are the offspring of intellect Must be There。 It must be observed that the Ideas will be of universals； not of Socrates but of Man： though as to man we may enquire whether the individual may not also have place There。 Under the heading of individuality there is to be considered the repetition of the same feature from man to man； the simian type； for example； and the aquiline： the aquiline and the simian must be taken to be differences in the Idea of Man as there are different types of the animal： but Matter also has its effect in bringing about the degree of aquilinity。 Similarly with difference of complexion； determined partly by the Reason…Principle； partly by Matter and by diversity of place。 13。 It remains to decide whether only what is known in sense exists There or whether； on the contrary； as Absolute…Man differs from individual man； so there is in the Supreme an Absolute…Soul differing from Soul and an Absolute…Intellect differing from Intellectual…Principle。 It must be stated at the outset that we cannot take all that is here to be image of archetype； or Soul to be an image of Absolute…Soul： one soul； doubtless； ranks higher than another； but here too； though perhaps not as identified with this realm； is the Absolute…Soul。 Every soul； authentically a soul； has some form of rightness and moral wisdom； in the souls within ourselves there is true knowing： and these attributes are no images or copies from the Supreme； as in the sense…world； but actually are those very originals in a mode peculiar to this sphere。 For those Beings are not set apart in some defined place； wherever there is a soul that has risen from body； there too these are： the world of sense is one… where； the Intellectual Kosmos is everywhere。 Whatever the freed soul attains to here； that it is There。 Thus； if by the content of the sense…world we mean simply the visible objects； then the Supreme contains not only what is in the realm of sense but more： if in the content of the kosmos we mean to include Soul and the Soul…things； then all is here that is There。 14。 There is； thus； a Nature comprehending in the Intellectual all that exists； and this Principle must be the source of all。 But how； seeing that the veritable source must be a unity； simplex utterly？ The mode by which from the unity arises the multiple； how all this universe comes to be； why the Intellectual…Principle is all and whence it springs； these matters demand another approach。 But on the question as to whether the repulsive and the products of putridity have also their Idea… whether there is an Idea of filth and mud… it is to be observed that all that the Intellectual…Principle derived from The First is of the noblest； in those Ideas the base is not included： these repulsive things point not to the Intellectual…Principle but to the Soul which； drawing upon the Intellectual…Principle； takes from Matter certain other things； and among them these。 But all this will be more clearly brought out； when we turn to the problem of the production of multiplicity from unity。 Compounds； we shall see… as owing existence to hazard and not to the Intellectual…Principle； having been fused into objects of sense by their own impulse… are not to be included under Ideas。 The products of putrefaction are to be traced to the Soul's inability to bring some other thing to being… something in the order of nature； which； else； it would… but producing where it may。 In the matter of the arts and crafts； all that are to be traced to the needs of human nature are laid up in the Absolute Man。 And before the particular Soul there is another Soul； a universal； and； before that； an Absolute…Soul； which is the Life existing in the Intellectual…Principle before Soul came to be and therefore rightly called ＇as the Life in the Divine＇ the Absolute…Soul。 THE SIXTH ENNEAD。
FIRST TRACTATE。
ON THE KINDS OF BEING… （1）。
1。 Philosophy at a very early stage investigated the number and character of the Existents。 Various theories resulted： some declared for one Existent； others for a finite number； others again for an infinite number； while as regards the nature of the Existents… one； numerically finite； or numerically infinite… there was a similar disagreement。 These theories； in so far as they have been adequately examined by later workers； may be passed over here； our attention must be directed upon the results of those whose examination has led them to posit on their awn account certain well…defined genera。 These thinkers rejected pure unity on the ground of the plurality observed even in the Intellectual world； they rejected an infinite number as not reconcilable with the facts and as defying knowledge： considering the foundations of being to be 〃genera〃 rather than elements strictly so called； they concluded for a finite number。 Of these 〃genera〃 some found ten； others less； others no doubt more。 But here again there is a divergence of views。 To some the genera are first…principles； to others they indicate only a generic classification of the Existents themselves。 Let us begin with the well…known tenfold division of the Existents； and consider whether we are to understand ten genera ranged under the common name of Being； or ten categories。 That the term Being has not the same sense in all ten is rightly maintained。 But a graver problem confronts us