ivilege of having a pannikin of hot water when the gangs came in from field labour in the evening has been withdrawn。 The shepherds； hut…keepers； and all other prisoners； whether at the stations of Longridge or the Cascades （where the English convicts are stationed） are forbidden to keep a parrot or any other bird。 The plaiting of straw hats during the prisoners' leisure hours is also prohibited。 At the settlement where the 〃old hands〃 are located railed boundaries have been erected； beyond which no prisoner must pass unless to work。 Two days ago Job Dodd； a negro； let his jacket fall over the boundary rails； crossed them to recover it； and was severely flogged。 The floggings are hideously frequent。 On flogging mornings I have seen the ground where the men stood at the triangles saturated with blood； as if a bucket of blood had been spilled on it； covering a space three feet in diameter； and running out in various directions； in little streams two or three feet long。 At the same time； let me say； with that strict justice I force myself to mete out to those whom I dislike； that the island is in a condition of abject submission。 There is not much chance of mutiny。 The men go to their work without a murmur； and slink to their dormitories like whipped hounds to kennel。 The gaols and solitary （！） cells are crowded with prisoners； and each day sees fresh sentences for fresh crimes。 It is crime here to do anything but live。
The method by which Captain Frere has brought about this repose of desolation is characteristic of him。 He sets every man as a spy upon his neighbour； awes the more daring into obedience by the display of a ruffianism more outrageous than their own； and； raising the worst scoundrels in the place to office； compels them to find 〃cases〃 for punishment。 Perfidy is rewarded。 It has been made part of a convict…policeman's duty to search a fellow…prisoner anywhere and at any time。 This searching is often conducted in a wantonly rough and disgusting manner； and if resistance be offered； the man resisting can be knowcked down by a blow from the searcher's bludgeon。 Inquisitorial vigilance and indiscriminating harshness prevail everywhere； and the lives of hundreds of prisoners are reduced to a continual agony of terror and self…loathing。
〃It is impossible； Captain Frere；〃 said I one day； during the initiation of this system； 〃to think that these villains whom you have made constables will do their duty。〃
He replied； 〃They must do their duty。 If they are indulgent to the prisoners； they know I shall flog 'em。 If they do what I tell 'em； they'll make themselves so hated that they'd have their own father up to the triangles to save themselves being sent back to the ranks。〃
〃You treat them then like slave…keepers of a wild beast den。 They must flog the animals to avoid being flogged themselves。〃
〃Ay；〃 said he； with his coarse laugh； 〃and having once flogged 'em； they'd do anything rather than be put in the cage； don't you see！〃
It is horrible to think of this sort of logic being used by a man who has a wife； and friends and enemies。 It is the logic that the Keeper of the Tormented would use； I should think。 I am sick unto death of the place。 It makes me an unbeliever in the social charities。 It takes out of penal science anything it may possess of nobility or worth。 It is cruel； debasing； inhuman。
August 26th。Saw Rufus Dawes again to…day。 His usual bearing is ostentatiously rough and brutal。 He has sunk to a depth of self…abasement in which he takes a delight in his degradation。 This condition is one familiar to me。
He is working in the chain…gang to which Hankey was made sub…overseer。 Blind Mooney； an ophthalmic prisoner； who was removed from the gang to hospital； told me that there was a plot to murder Hankey； but that Dawes； to whom he had shown some kindness； had prevented it。 I saw Hankey and told him of this； asking him if he had been aware of the plot。 He said 〃No；〃 falling into a great tremble。 〃Major Pratt promised me a removal；〃 said he。 〃I expected it would come to this。〃 I asked him why Dawes defended him； and after some trouble he told me； exacting from me a promise that I would not acquaint the Commandant。 It seems that one morning last week； Hankey had gone up to Captain Frere's house with a return from Troke； and coming back through the garden had plucked a flower。 Dawes had asked him for this flower； offering two days' rations for it。 Hankey； who is not a bad…hearted man； gave him the sprig。 〃There were tears in his eyes as he took it；〃 said he。
There must be some way to get at this man's heart； bad as he seems to be。
August 28th。Hankey was murdered yesterday。 He applied to be removed from the gaol…gang； but Frere refused。 〃I never let my men 'funk'；〃 he said。 〃If they've threatened to murder you； I'll keep you there another month in spite of 'em。〃
Someone who overheard this reported it to the gang； and they set upon the unfortunate gaoler yesterday； and beat his brains out with their shovels。 Troke says that the wretch who was foremost cried； 〃There's for you； and if your master don't take care； he'll get served the same one of these days！〃 The gang were employed at building a reef in the sea； and were working up to their armpits in water。 Hankey fell into the surf； and never moved after the first blow。 I saw the gang； and Dawes said
〃It was Frere's fault； he should have let the man go！〃
〃I am surprised you did not interfere；〃 said I。
〃I did all I could；〃 was the man's answer。 〃What's a life more or less； here？〃
This occurrence has spread consternation among the overseers； and they have addressed a 〃round robin〃 to the Commandant； praying to be relieved from their positions。
The way Frere has dealt with this petition is characteristic of him； and fills me at once with admiration and disgust。 He came down with it in his hand to the gaol…gang； walked into the yard； shut the gate； and said； 〃I've just got this from my overseers。 They say they're afraid you'll murder them as you murdered Hankey。 Now； if you want to murder； murder me。 Here I am。 Step out； one of you。〃 All this； said in a tone of the most galling contempt； did not move them。 I saw a dozen pairs of eyes flash hatred； but the bull…dog courage of the man overawed them here； as； I am told； it had done in Sydney。 It would have been easy to kill him then and there； and his death； I am told； is sworn among them； but no one raised a finger。 The only man who moved was Rufus Dawes； and he checked himself instantly。 Frere； with a recklessness of which I did not think him capable； stepped up to this terror of the prison； and ran his hands lightly down his sides； as is the custom with constables when 〃searching〃 a man。 Daweswho is of a fierce temperturned crimson at this and； I thought； would have struck him； but he did not。 Frere thenstill unarmed and aloneproceeded to the man； saying； 〃Do you think of bolting again； Dawes？ Have you made any more boats？〃
〃You Devil！〃 said the chained man； in a voice pregnant with such weight of unborn murder； that the gang winced。 〃You'll find me one；〃 said Frere； with a laugh； and； turning to me； continued； in the same jesting tone； 〃There's a penitent for you； Mr。 Northtry your hand on him。〃
I was speechless at his audacity； and must have shown my disgust in my face； for he coloured slightly； and as we were leaving the yard； he endeavoured to excuse himself； by saying that it was no use preaching to stones； and such doubly…dyed villains as this Dawes were past hope。 〃I know the ruffian of old；〃 said he。 〃He came out in the ship from England with me； and tried to raise a mutiny on board。 He was the man who nearly murdered my wife。 He has never been out of ironsexcept then and when he escapedfor the last eighteen years； and as he's three life sentences； he's like to die in 'em。〃
A monstrous wretch and criminal； evidently； and yet I feel a strange sympathy with this outcast。
CHAPTER V。
MR。 RICHARD DEVINE SURPRISED。
The town house of Mr。 Richard Devine was in Clarges Street。 Not that the very modest mansion there situated was the only establishment of which Richard Devine was master。 Mr。 John Rex had expensive tastes。 He neither shot nor hunted； so he had no capital invested in Scotch moors or Leicestershire hunting…boxes。 But his stables were the wonder of London； he owned almost a racing village near Doncaster； kept a yacht at Cowes； and； in addition to a house in Paris； paid the rent of a villa at Brompton。 He belonged to several clubs of the faster sort； and might have lived like a prince at any one of them had he been so minded； but a constant and haunting fear of discoverywhich three years of unquestioned ease and unbridled riot had not dispelledled him to prefer the privacy of his own house； where he could choose his own society。 The house in Clarges Street was decorated in conformity with the tastes of its owner。 The pictures were pictures of horses； the books were records of races； or novels purporting to describe sporting life。 Mr。 Francis Wade； waiting； on the morning of the 20th April； for the coming of his nephew； sighed as he thought of the cultured quiet of North End House。
Mr。 Richard appeared in his dressing…gown。 Three years of good living and hard drinking had deprived his figure of its athletic beauty。 He was past forty years of age； and the sudden cessation from severe bodily toil to which in his active life as a convict and squatter he had been accustomed； had increased Rex's natural proneness to fat； and instead of being portly he had become gross。 His cheeks were inflamed with the frequent application of hot and rebellious liquors to his blood。 His hands were swollen； and not so steady as of yore。 His whiskers were streaked with unhealthy grey。 His eyes； bright and black as ever； lurked in a thicket of crow's feet。 He had become prematurely bald a sure sign of mental or bodily excess。 He spoke with assumed heartiness； in a boisterous tone of affected ease。
〃Ha； ha！ My dear uncle； sit down。 Delighted to see you。 Have you breakfasted？of course you have。 I was up rather late last night。 Quite sure you won't have anything。 A glass of wine？ Nothen sit down and