《the origins of contemporary france-4》

下载本书

添加书签

the origins of contemporary france-4- 第140部分


按键盘上方向键 ← 或 → 可快速上下翻页,按键盘上的 Enter 键可回到本书目录页,按键盘上方向键 ↑ 可回到本页顶部!



'85' Barbé…Marbois; I。; 64; 91; 96; 133; II。; 18; 25; 83。  … Dufort de

Cheverney; 〃Mémoires。' (September 14; 1797。) … Sauzay; IX。; chapters

81 and 84。



'86' Sauzay; vols。  IX。  and X。  … Mallet…Dupan; II。; 375; 379; 382。

… Schmidt; 〃Tableau de Paris Pendant la Revolution;〃 III。; 290。

(Report by the administrators of the Seine department。)



'87' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 August; 1798; October; 1797 and

1799; passim。



'88' Archives Nationales; F。7; 3219。  (Letter of M。 Alquier to the

First Consul; Pluvi?se 18; year III。) 〃I wanted to see the central

administration; I found the ideas and language of 1793。〃



'89' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 (February 26; March 31 and

September 6; 1797)。  〃That poor theoristic imbecile; La Révellière…

Lepaux; who; joining Barras and Reubell against Barthélémy and Carnot;

made the 18th of Fructidor; and shut himself in his room so as not to

witness it; himself avows the quality of his staff。〃 (〃Memoires;〃 II。;

164。) 〃 The 18th of Fructidor necessitated numerous changes on the

part of the Directory。  Instead of putting republicans; but above all;

honest; wise and enlightened men in the place of the functionaries and

employees dismissed or revoked; the selections dictated by the new

Councils fell for the most part on anarchists and men of blood and

robbery。〃



'90' Lacretelle; 〃Dix ans d'épreuves;〃 p。317。  A few days after

Fructidor; Robert; an old Jacobin; exclaimed with great joy on the

road to Brie…Comté; 〃All the royalists are going to be driven out or

guillotined!〃 The series F。7 in the Archives Nationales; contains

hundreds of files filled with reports 〃on the state of the public

mind;〃 in each department; town or canton between the years III。  and

VIII。  I have given several months to their examination and; for lack

of space; cannot copy any extracts。  The real history of the last five

years of the Revolution may be found in these files。  Mallet…Dupan

gives a correct impression of it in his 〃Correspondance avec la cour

de Vienne;〃 also in the 〃Mercure Britannique。〃



'91' Sauzay; X。; chaps。  8o and 90。  … Ludovic Sciout; IV。; ch。  17。

(See especially in Sauzay; X。; pp。170 and 281; the instructions given

by Duval; December 16; 1796; and the circulars of Fran?ois de

Neufchateau from November 20; 1798; down to June 18; 1798; each of

these pieces being a masterpiece in its way。



'92' 〃Journal d'un Bourgeois d'Evreux;〃 p。134。  〃June 7; 1798。〃 〃The

day following the décade; the gardeners; who as usual came to show

themselves off on the main street; were fined six livres for having

treated with contempt and broken the décade。〃 January 21; 1799。

〃Those who were caught working on the décade; were fined three livres

for the first offence if they were caught more than once the fine was

doubled and it was even followed by imprisonment〃



'93' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 160。  Examples of 〃individual motives〃

alleged to justify the sentence of transportation。  One has refused to

baptize an infant whose parents were only married civilly。  Another

has 〃declared to his audience that the catholic marriage was the

best。〃 Another 〃has fanaticized。〃 Another 〃has preached pernicious

doctrines contrary to the constitution。〃 Another 〃may; by his

presence; incite disturbances;〃 etc。  Among the condemned we find

septuagenarians; known priests and even married priests。  … Ibid。;

634; 637。



'94' Sauzay; IX。; 715。。  (List of names。)



'95' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 656。



'96' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃Mémoires;〃 September 7; 1798。  … Ibid。;

February 26; 1799。  〃In Belgium priests are lodged in the Carmelites

(convent)。〃 September 9; 1799。  〃Two more carts are sent full of

priests for the islands of Rhé and Oléron。〃



'97' Thibaudeau; II。。  318; 321。  … Mallet…Dupan; II。; 357; 368。  The

plan went farther: 〃All children of emigrants;〃 or of those falsely

accused of being such; 〃left in France; shall be taken from their

relatives and confided to republican tutors; and the republic shall

administer their property。〃



'98' In reading about this Lenin and Stalin must have been inspired to

create their Goulags to which not only Russian and Estonian 〃petit

Bourgeois;〃 but also other undesirable national groups were sent。

(SR。)



'99' Decree of Frimaire 9; year VI。  (Exceptions in favor of the

actual members of the Directory; ministers; military men on duty; and

the members of the diverse National Assemblies; except those who in

the constituent Assembly protested against the abolition of nobility。)

One of the speakers; a future count of the Empire; proposed that every

noble claiming his inscription on the civic registers should sign the

following declaration: 〃As man and as republican; I equally detest the

insolent superstition which pretends to distinctions of birth; and the

cowardly and shameful superstition which believes in and maintains

it。〃



'100' Decree of Fructidor 19; year II。



'101' Lally…Tollendal; 〃Défense des Emigrés;〃 (Paris。  1797; 2nd part;

49; 62; 74。  Report of Portalis to the Council of Five Hundred; Feb。

18; 1796。  〃Regard that innumerable class of unfortunates who have

never left the republican soil。〃 … Speech by Dubreuil; Aug。26; 1796。

〃The supplementary list in the department of Avignon bears 1004 or

1005 names。  And yet I can attest to you that there are not six names

on this enormous list justly put down as veritable emigrants。〃



'102' Ludovic Sciout; IV。; 619。  (Report of the Yonne administration;

Frimaire; year VI。) 〃The gendarmerie went to the houses; in Sens as

well as Auxerre; of several of the citizens inscribed on the lists of

émigrés who were known never to have left their commune since the

Revolution began。  As they have not been found it is probable that

they have withdrawn into Switzerland; or that they are soliciting you

to have their names stricken off。〃



'103' Decrees of Vendémiaire 20 and Frimaire 9; year VI。  … Decree of

Messidor 10。



'104' Dufort de Cheverney; 〃 Mémoires。〃 (Before the Revolution he

enjoyed an income of fifty thousand livres; of which only five

thousand remain。) 〃Madame Amelot likewise reduced; rents her mansion

for a living。  Through the same delicacy as our own she did not avail

herself of the facility offered to her of indemnifying her creditors

with assignats。〃 Another lady; likewise ruined; seeks a place in some

country house in order that herself and son may live。〃 … 〃Statistique

de la Moselle;〃 by Colchen; préfet; year VI。  〃A great many people

with incomes have perished through want and through payment of

interest in paper…money and the reduction of Treasury bonds。〃 … Dufort

de Cheverney; Ibid。; March; 1799。  〃The former noblesse and even

citizens who are at all well…off need not depend on any

amelioration。。。。  They must expect a complete rescission of bodies and

goods。。。。  Pecuniary resources are diminishing more and more。。。。

Impositions are starving the country。〃 … Mallet…Dupan; 〃Mercure

Britannique;〃 January 25; 1799。  〃Thousands of invalids with wooden

legs garrison the houses of the tax…payers who do not pay according to

the humor of the collectors。  The proportion of impositions as now

laid in relation to those of the ancient regime in the towns generally

is as 88 to 32。〃



'105' De Tocqueville; 〃?uvres complètes;〃 V。; 65。  (Extracts from

secret reports on the state of the Republic; September 26; 1799。)



'106' Decree of Messidor 24; year VI。



'107' De Barante; 〃Histoire du Directoire;〃 III。; 456。



'108' A。  Sorel; 〃 Revue Historique;〃 No。1; for March and May; 1882。

〃Les Frontières Constitutionelles en 1795。〃 The treaties concluded in

1795 with Tuscany; Prussia and Spain show that peace was easy and that

the recognition of the Republic was effected even before the

Republican government was organized。  。  。  。  。  that France; whether

monarchical or republican; had a certain limit which French power was

not to overstep; because this was not in proportion to the real

strength of France; nor with the distribution of force among the other

European governments。  On this capital point the convention erred; it

erred knowingly; through a long…meditated calculation; which

calculation; however; was false。  and France paid dearly for its

consequences。〃 … Mallet…Dupan; II。; 288; Aug。  23; 1795。  〃The

monarchists and many of the deputies in the Convention sacrificed all

the conquests to hasten on and obtain peace。  But the fanatical

Girondists and Siéyès' committee persisted in the tension system。

They were governed by three motives: 1; the design of extending their

doctrine along with their territory; 2; the desire of successively

federalizing the States of Europe with the French Republic; and 3;

that of prolonging a partial war which also prolongs extraordinary

powers and revolutionary resources。〃  Carnot; 〃Mémoires;〃 I。; 476。

(Report to the Committee of Public Safety; Messidor 28; year II。) 〃It

seems much wiser to restrict our plans of aggrandizement to what is

purely necessary in order to obtain the maximum security of our

country。〃 … Ibid。; II。; 132; 134 and 136。  (Letters to Bonaparte; Oct。

28; 1796; and Jan。  1; 1797。) 〃It would be imprudent to fan the

revolutionary flame in Italy too strongly 。  。  。  。  They desired to

have you work out the Revolution in Piedmont; Milan; Rome and Naples;

I thought it better to treat with these countries; draw subsidies from

them; and make use of their own organization to keep them under

control。〃



'109' Carnot; ibid。; II。  147。  〃Barras; addressing me like a madman;

said; 'Yes; it is to you we owe that infamous treaty of Leoben!'〃



'110' Andre Lebon; 〃L'Angleterre et l'Emigration Fran?aise;〃 p。235。

(Letter of Wickam; June 27; 1797; words of Barthélemy to M。

d'Aubigny。)



'111' Lord Malmesbury; 〃Diary;〃 III。; 541。  (September 9; 1797。) 〃The

violent revolution which has taken place at Paris h
小提示:按 回车 [Enter] 键 返回书目,按 ← 键 返回上一页, 按 → 键 进入下一页。 赞一下 添加书签加入书架