the origins of contemporary france-4- 第60部分

＇26＇　Moniteur；　XX。；　226。　　（Germinal　26。　　Report　by　Saint…Just　and

decree　on　the　police。）…　Ibid。；　XIX。；　54。　　（Report　by　Robespierre；　and

decree　on　the　principles　of　revolutionary　government；　Niv？se　5。）　…

Ibid。；　XX。；　567；　589。　　Prairial　6；　（Decree　forbidding　the　imprisonment

of　any　Englishman　or　Hanoverian）；　and　XXI。；　13。　　（Messidor　16。）



＇27＇　Moniteur；　XX。；　544。　　After　the　effort　of　L'Admiral　against　Collot

d'Herbois；　the　latter　appears　in　the　tribune。　　〃The　loudest　applause

greets　him　from　all　sides　of　the　house。〃　…　Ibid。；　XXI。；　173。

（Messidor　21。）　On　the　report　of　Barère　who　praises　the　conduct　of

Joseph　Lebon；　criticizing　nothing　but　〃somewhat　harsh　formalities；〃　a

decree　is　passed　to　the　order　of　the　day；　which　is　〃adopted

unanimously　with　great　applause。〃



＇28＇　Moniteur；　XX。；　698；　715；　716；　719。　　（Prairial　22　and　24。）　After

the　speeches　of　Robespierre　and　Couthon　〃Loud　and　renewed　applause；

the　plaudits　begin　over　again　and　are　prolonged。〃　Couthon；　having

declared　that　the　Committee　of　Public　Safety　was　ready　to　resign；　〃on

all　sides　there　were　cries　of　No；　No。〃…　Ibid。；　XXI。；　268。　　（Thermidor

2。）　Eulogy　of　the　revolutionary　government　by　Barère　and　decree　of　the

police　〃unanimously　adopted　amidst　the　loudest　applause。〃



＇29＇　Moniteur；　XXI。；　329。



＇30＇　Lafayette；　〃Mémoires；〃　IV。；　330。　　〃At　last　came　the　9th　of

Thermidor。　　It　was　not　due　to　people　of　common　sense。　　Their　terror

was　so　great　that　an　estimable　deputy；　to　whom　one　of　his　colleagues

put　the　question；　no　witness　being　present；　'how　long　must　we　endure

this　tyranny？'　was　upset　by　it　to　such　a　degree　as　to　denounce　him。〃



＇31＇　Sainte…Beuve；　〃Causeries　du　Lundi；〃　V。；　209。　　（Siéyès'

unpublished　papers。）…　Moniteur；　XVIII。；　631；　containing　an　example　of

both　the　terror　and　style　of　the　most　eminent　men；　among　others　of

Fourcroy　the　celebrated　chemist；　then　deputy；　and　later；　Counselor　of

State　and　Minister　of　Public　Instruction。　　He　is　accused　in　the

Jacobin　Club；　Brumaire　18；　year　II。；　of　not　addressing　the　Convention

often　enough；　to　which　he　replies：　〃After　twenty　years'　devotion　to

the　practice　of　medicine　I　have　succeeded　in　supporting　my　sans…

culotte　father　and　my　sans…culottes　sisters。　　。　　。　　。　　As　to　the

charge　made　by　a　member　that　I　have　given　most　of　my　time　to　science。

。　　。　　。　　I　have　attended　the　Lycée　des　Arts　but　three　times；　and　then

only　for　the　purpose　of　sans…culotteising　it。〃



＇32＇　Michelet；　（1798…1874）；　〃Histoire　de　la　Révolution；〃　V。；　preface

XXX　（3rd　ed。）。　　〃When　I　was　young　and　looking　for　a　job；　I　was

referred　to　an　esteemed　Review；　to　a　well…known　philanthropist；

devoted　to　education；　to　the　people；　and　to　the　welfare　of　humanity。

I　found　a　very　small　man　of　a　melancholic；　mild　and　tame　aspect。　　We

were　in　front　of　the　fire；　on　which　he　fixed　his　eyes　without　looking

at　me。　　He　talked　a　long　time；　in　a　didactic；　monotonous　tone　of

voice。　　I　felt　ill　at　ease　and　sick　at　heart；　and　got　away　as　soon　as

I　could。　　It　was　this　little　man；　I　afterwards　learned；　who　hunted

down　the　Girondists；　and　had　them　guillotined；　and　which　he

accomplished　at　the　age　of　twenty。〃　…　This　man's　name　was　Julien　de　la

Dr？me。　　I　（Taine）　saw　him　once　when　quite　young。　　He　is　well　known；

first；　through　his　correspondence；　and　next；　by　his　mother's　diary。

（〃Journal　d'une　bourgeoise　pendant　la　Revolution；〃　ed。　　Locroy。）　…　We

have　a　sketch　of　David　（〃La　Demagogie　à　Paris　en　1793；〃　by　Dauban；　a

fac…simile　at　the　beginning　of　the　volume）；　representing　Queen　Marie

Antoinette　led　to　execution。　　Madame　Julien　was　at　a　window　along　with

David　looking　at　the　funeral　convoy；　whilst　he　made　the　drawing。　　…

Madame　Julien　writes　in　her　〃Journal；〃　September　3；　1792：　〃To　attain

this　end　we　must　will　the　means。　　No　barbarous　humanity！　The　people

are　aroused；　the　people　are　avenging　the　crimes　of　the　past　three

years。〃　…　Her　son；　a　sort　of　raw；　sentimental　Puritan；　fond　of

bloodshed；　was　one　of　Robespierre's　most　active　agents。　　He　remembered

what　he　had　done；　as　is　evident　by　Michelet's　narrative；　and　cast　his

eyes　down；　well　knowing　that　his　present　philanthropy　could　not

annihilate　past　acts。



＇33＇　Archives　Nationales；　AF。　　II。；　46。　　Register　of　the　Acts　of　the

Committee　of　Public　Safety；　vol。　　II。；　orders　of　August　3；　1793。



＇34＇　On　the　concentration　and　accumulation　of　business；　cf。　　Archives

Nationales；　ibid。；　acts　of　Aug。　　4；　5；　6；　1793；　and　AF。　　II。；　23；　acts

of　Brumaire　I　and　15；　year　II。　　…　On　the　distribution　and　dispatch　of

business　in　the　Committee　and　the　hours　devoted　to　it；　see　Acts　of

April　6；　June　13；　17；　18；　Aug。　　3；　1793；　and　Germinal　27；　year　II。　　…

After　August　3；　two　sessions　were　held　daily；　from　8　o'clock　in　the

morning　to　1　o'clock　in　the　afternoon；　and　from　7　to　10　o'clock　in　the

evening；　at　10　o'clock；　the　Executive　Council　met　with　the　Committee

of　Public　Safety；　and　papers　were　signed　about　2　or　3　o'clock　in　the

morning。　　…　The　files　of　AF。　　II。；　23　to　42；　contain　an　account　of　the

doings　of　the　Committee；　the　minutes　of　its　meetings　and　of　its

correspondence。　　A　perusal　of　these　furnishes　full　details　concerning

the　initiative　and　responsibility　of　the　Committee。　　For　example；

（Niv？se　4；　year　II。；　letters　to　Freron　and　Barras；　at　Marseilles；）

〃The　Committee　commend　the　vigorous　measures　you　have　sanctioned　in

your　orders　at　Marseilles。　　…　Marseilles；　through　you；　affords　a　great

example。　　Accustomed；　as　you　are；　to　wielding　thunderbolts；　you　are

best　calculated　for　still　governing　it。　　。　　。　　How　glorious；　citizen

colleagues；　to　be　able　like　you；　after　long　continued　labors　and

immortal　fame；　how　gratifying；　under　such　auspices；　to　return　to　the

bosom　of　the　National　Convention！　〃　…　（AF。　　II。；　36；　Pluvi？se　7；　year

II。；　letter　to　the　representatives　on　mission　at　Bordeaux；　approving

of　the　orders　issued　by　them　against　merchants。）　〃concealed　behind　the

obscurity　of　its　complots；　mercantilism　cannot　support　the　ardent；

invigorating　atmosphere　of　Liberty；　Sybaritic　indolence　quails　before

Spartan　virtue。　　〃　…　（AF。　　II。；　37；　Pluvi？se　20；　letter　to　Prieur　de

la　Marne；　sent　to　Nantes　to　replace　Carrier。）　〃Carrier；　perhaps；　has

been　badly　surrounded；　。　　。。。　　his　ways　are　harsh；　the　means　he

employs　are　not　well　calculated　to　win　respect　for　the　national

authority；　。　　。　　。　　he　is　used　up　in　that　city。　　He　is　to　leave　and　go

elsewhere。〃　…　（AF。　　II。；　36；　Niv？se　21；　letter　to　Fouché；　Laporte；　and

Albitte；　at　Commune…affranchie；　signed　by　Billaud…Varennes　and

composed　by　him。）　〃The　convention；　Niv？se　I；　has　approved　of　the

orders　and　other　measures　taken　by　you。　　We　can　add　nothing　to　its

approval。　　The　Committee　of　Public　Safety　subjects　all　operations　to

the　same　principles；　that　is　to　say；　it　conforms　to　yours　and　acts

with　you。〃



＇35＇　Sainte…Beuve；　〃Nouveaux　Lundis；〃　VIII。；　105。　　（Unpublished　report

by　Vice…admiral　Villaret…Joyeuse；　May　28；　1794。）



＇36＇　Carnot；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　107。



＇37＇　Ibid。；　I。；　450；　523；　527；　〃we　often　ate　only　a　morsel　of　dry

bread　on　the　Committee's　table。〃



＇38＇　Moniteur；　XXI。；　362。　　（Speech　by　Cambon；　Session　of　Thermidor　11；

year　II。）



＇39＇　Beugnot；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。；　15。　　（Stated　by　Jean　Bon　himself　in　a

conversation　at　Mayence　in　1813。）



＇40＇　Gaudia；　duc　de　Gaéte；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　16；　28。　　〃I　owed　my　life　to

Cambon　personally；　while；　through　his　firmness；　he　preserved　the　whole

Treasury　department；　continually　attacked　by　the　all…powerful　Jacobin

club。〃　…　On　the　8th　of　Thermidor；　Robespierre　was　〃very　severe　on　the

administration　of　the　Treasury；　which　he　accused　of　an　aristocratic

and　anti…revolutionary　spirit。。。。　　Under　this　pretext；　it　was　known

that　the　orator　meant　to　propose　an　act　of　accusation　against　the

representative　charged　with　its　surveillance；　as　well　as　against　the

six　commissioners；　and　bring　them　before　the　Revolutionary　Tribunal；

whose　verdict　could　not　be　doubtful。〃　…　Buchez　et　Roux；　XXXIII。；　431；

436；　441。　　Speech　by　Robespierre；　Thermidor　8；　year　II。　　。　　。　　〃。

Machiavellian　designs　against　the　small　fund…holders　of　the　State。　　。

。　　。　　A　contemptible　financial　system；　wasteful；　irritating；

devouring；　absolutely　independent　of　your　supreme　oversight。　　。　　。　　。

Anti…revolution　exists　in　the　financial　department。　　。　　。　　。　　Who　are

its　head　administrators？　Brissotins；　Feuillants；　aristocrats　and　well…

known　knaves　…　the　Cambons；　the　Mallarmés；　the　Ramels！〃



＇41＇　Carnot；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　425。



＇42＇　Moniteur；　XXIV。；　47；　50。　　（Session　of　Germinal　2；　year　II。）

Speeches　by　Lindet　and　Carnot　with　confirmatory　details。　　…　Lindet

says　that　he　had　signed　twenty　thousand　papers。　　…　Ibid。；　XXXIII。；

591。　　（Session　of　Vent？se　12；　year　III。　　Speech　by　Barère。）　〃The　labor

of　the　Committee　was　divided　amongst　the　different　members　composing

it；　but　all；　without　distinction；　signed　each　other's　work。　　I；

myself；　knowing　nothing　of　military　affairs；　have　perhaps；　in　this

matter；　given　four　thousand　signatures。〃　…　Ibid。；　XXIV。；　74。　　（Session

of　Germinal　6；　year　III。）　Speech　of　Lavesseur；　witness　of　an　animated

scene　between　Carnot　and　Robespierre　concerning　two　of　Carnot's

clerks；　arrested　by　order　of　Robespierre。　　…　Carnot　adds　〃　I　had

myself　signed　this　order　of　arrest　without　knowing　it。〃　…　Ibid。；

XXII。；　116。　　（Session　of　Vendémiaire　8；　year　II。；　speech　by　Carnot　in

narrating　the　arrest　of　General　Huchet　for　his　cruelties　in　Vendée。）

On　appearing　before　the　committee　of　Public　Safety；　Robespierre

defended　him　and　he　was　sent　back　to　the　army　and　promoted　to　a　higher

rank；　I　was　obliged　to　sign　in　spite　of　my　opposition。〃



＇43＇　Carnot；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　572。　　（Speech　by　Carnot；　Germinal　2；　year

III。）



＇44＇　Sénart；　〃Mémoires；〃　145；　153。　　（Details　on　the　members　of　the　two

Committees。）



＇45＇　Reports　by　Billaud　on　the　organization　of　the　revolutionary

government；　November　18；　1793　and　on　the　theory　of　democratic

government；　April　20；