the origins of contemporary france-4- 第79部分

Jacobin　quarter　and　are　of　the　same　sort　arid　condition　as　their

brethren　of　the　H？tel…de…ville。　　One　only；　an　ex…collector　of　rentes；

may　have　had　an　education；　the　rest　are　carpenters；　floor…tilers；

shoemakers；　tailors；　wine…dealers；　eating…house　keepers；　cartmen；

bakers；　hair…dressers；　and　joiners。　　Among　them　we　find　one　ex…stone…

cutter；　one　ex…office　runner；　one　ex…domestic　and　two　sons　of　Samson

the　executioner。



＇48＇　Morellet；　〃Mémoires；〃　I。；　436…472。



＇49＇　On　the　ascendancy　of　the　talkers　of　this　class　see　Dauban　（〃Paris

en　1794；〃　pp。　　118…143）。　　Details　on　an　all…powerful　clothes…dealer　in

the　Lombards　Section。　　If　we　may　believe　the　female　citizens　of　the

Assembly　〃he　said　everywhere　that　whoever　was　disagreeable　to　him

should　be　turned　out　of　the　popular　club。〃　（Vent？se　13；　year　II。）



＇50＇　Arnault；　〃Souvenirs　d'un　Sexagénaire；〃　III。；　111。　　Details　on

another　member　of　the　commune；　Bergot；　ex…employee　at　the　Halle…aux…

Cuirs　and　police　administrator；　may　be　found　in　〃Mémoires　des

Prisons；〃　I。；　232；　239；　246；　289；　290。　　Nobody　treated　the　prisoners

more　brutally；　who　protested　against　the　foul　food　served　out　to　them；

than　he。　　〃It　is　too　good　for　bastards　who　are　going　to　be

guillotined。〃。　　。　　。　　。　　〃He　got　drunk　with　the　turnkeys　and　with　the

commissioners　themselves。　　One　day　he　staggered　in　walking；　and　spoke

only　in　hiccoughs：　he　would　go　in　that　condition。　　The　house…guard

refused　to　recognize　him；　he　was　arrested〃　and　the　concierge　had　to

repeat　her　declarations　to　make　the　officer　of　the　post　〃give　up　the

hog。〃



＇51＇　〃Mémoires　sur　les　Prisons；〃　I。；　211。　　（〃　Tableau　Historique　de

St。　　Lazare。〃）　The　narrator　is　put　into　prison　in　the　rue　de　Sèvres　in

October；　1793。　　…　II。；　186。　　（〃An　historical　account　of　the　jail　in

the　rue　de　Sèvres。〃）　The　narrator　was　confined　there　during　the　last

months　of　the　Reign　of　Terror。



＇52＇　A　game　of　chance。



＇53＇　〃Un　Séjour　en　France　de　1792　à　1795；〃　281。　　〃We　had　an

appointment　in　the　afternoon　with　a　person　employed　by　the　committee

on　National　Domains；　he　was　to　help　my　friend　with　her　claims。　　This

man　was　originally　a　valet　to　the　Marquise's　brother；　on　the　outbreak

of　the　Revolution　he　set　up　a　shop；　failed　and　became　a　rabid　Jacobin；

and；　at　last；　member　of　a　revolutionary　committee。　　As　such；　he　found

a　way　。　　。　　。　　。　　to　intimidate　his　creditors　and　obtain　two

discharges　of　his　indebtedness　without　taking　the　least　trouble　to　pay

his　debts。〃　。　　。　　。　　。　　〃I　know　an　old　lady　who　was　kept　in　prison

three　months　for　having　demanded　from　one　of　these　patriots　three

hundred　livres　which　he　owed　her。〃　（June　3；　1795。）　〃I　have　generally

noticed　that　the　republicans　are　either　of　the　kind　I　have　just

indicated；　coffee…house　waiters；　jockeys；　gamblers；　bankrupts；　and　low

scribblers；　or　manual　laborers　more　earnest　in　their　principles；　more

ignorant　and　more　brutal；　all　spending　what　they　have　earned　in　vulgar

indulgence。〃



＇54＇　Schmidt；　〃Tableaux　Historiques　de　la　Revolution　Fran？aise；〃　II。；

248；　249。　　（Agent's　reports；　Frimaire　8；　year　111。）　〃The　prosecution

of　Carrier　is　approved　by　the　public；　likewise　the　condemnation　of　the

former　revolutionary　committee　called　the　〃BonnetRouge。〃　Ten　of　its

members　are　condemned　to　twenty　years　in　irons。　　The　public　is

overjoyed。〃　…　Ibid。；　（Frimaire　9）；　〃The　people　rushed　in　crowds　to　the

square　of　the　old　commune　building　to　see　the　members　of　the　former

revolutionary　committee　of　the　Bonnet…Rouge　sections；　who　remained

seated　on　the　bench　until　six　o'clock；　in　the　light　of　flambeaux。

They　had　to　put　up　with　many　reproaches　and　much　humiliation。〃　…　〃Un

Sejour　en　France；〃　286；　（June　6；　1795）。　　〃I　have　just　been　interrupted

by　a　loud　noise　and　cries　under　my　window；　I　heard　the　names　Scipio

and　Solon　distinctly　pronounced　in　a　jeering　and　insulting　tone　of

voice。　　I　sent　Angelique　to　see　what　was　the　matter　and　she　tells　me

that　it　is　a　crowd　of　children　following　a　shoemaker　of　the

neighborhood　who　was　member　of　a　revolutionary　committee。　　。　　。　　and

had　called　himself　Scipio　Solon。　　As　he　had　been　caught　in　several

efforts　at　stealing　he　could　no　longer　leave　his　shop　without　being

reviled　for　his　robberies　and　hooted　at　under　his　Greek　and　Roman

names。〃



＇55＇　Barère；　〃Mémoires；〃　II。；　324。



＇56＇　Montieur；　XXII。；　742。　　（Report　by　Cambon；　Frimaire　6；　year　II。）

？？Ibid。；　22。　　…　Report　by　Lindet；　September　20；　1794）：　〃　The　land　and

navy　forces；　war　and　other　services；　deprive　agricultural　pursuits　and

other　professions　of　more　than　one　million　five　hundred　thousand

citizens。　　It　would　cost　the　Republic　less　to　support　six　million　men

in　all　the　communes。〃　…　〃Le　Departement　des　Affaires　étrangères；〃　by

Fr。　　Masson；　382。　　（According　to　〃Paris　à　la　fin　du　dix…huitieme

siecle；〃　by　Pujoulx；　year　IX。）：　〃At　Paris　alone　there　are　more　than

thirty　thousand　（government）　clerks；　six　thousand　at　the　most　do　the

necessary　writing；　the　rest　cut　away　quills；　consume　ink　and　blacken

paper。　　In　old　times；　there　were　too　many　clerks　in　the　bureaux

relatively　to　the　work；　now；　there　are　three　times　as　many；　and　there

are　some　who　think　that　there　are　not　enough。〃



＇57＇　〃Souvenirs　de　M。　Hua；〃　a　parliamentary　advocate；　p。96。　　（A　very

accurate　picture　of　the　small　town　Coucy…le…Chateau；　in　Aisne；　from

1792　to　1794。）　…　〃Archives　des　Affaires　étrangères；〃　vol。334。　　（Letter

of　the　agents；　Thionville；　Vent？se　24；　year　II。）　The　district　of

Thionville　is　very　patriotic；　submits　to　the　maximum　and　requisitions；

but　not　to　the　laws　prohibiting　outside　worship　and　religious

assemblies。　　〃The　apostles　of　Reason　preached　in　vain　to　the　people；

telling　them　that；　up　to　this　time；　they　had　been　deceived　and　that

now　was　the　time　to　throw　off　the　yoke　of　prejudice：　'we　are　willing

to　believe　that；　thus　far；　we　have　been　deceived；　but　who　will

guarantee　us　that　you　will　not　deceive　us　in　your　turn？'〃



＇58＇　Lagros：　〃　La　Révolution　telle　qu'elle　est。〃　（Unpublished

correspondence　of　the　committee　of　Public　Safety；　I。；　366。　　Letter　of

Prieur　de　la　Marne。）　〃　In　general；　the　towns　are　patriotic；　but　the

rural　districts　are　a　hundred　leagues　removed　from　the　Revolution。　　。

。　　。　　Great　efforts　will　be　necessary　to　bring　them　up　to　the　level　of

the　Revolution。〃



＇59＇　According　to　the　statistics　of　1866　（published　in　1869）　a

district　of　one　thousand　square　kilometres　contains　on　an　average；

thirty…three　communes　above　five　hundred　souls；　twenty…three　from　five

hundred　to　one　thousand；　seventeen　bourgs　and　small　towns　from　one

thousand　to　five　thousand；　and　one　average　town；　or　very　large　one；

about　five　thousand。　　Taking　into　account　the　changes　that　have　taken

place　in　seventy　years；　one　may　judge　from　these　figures　of　the

distribution　of　the　population　in　1793。　　This　distribution　explains

why；　instead　of　forty…five　thousand　revolutionary　committees；　there

were　only　twenty…one　thousand　five　hundred。



＇60＇　〃Souvenirs　des　M。　Hua；〃　179。　　〃This　country　（Coucy…le…Chateau）

protected　by　its　bad　roads　and　still　more　by　its　nullity；　belonged　to

that　small　number　in　which　the　revolutionary　turmoil　was　least　felt。〃



＇61＇　Among　other　documents　of　use　in　composing　this　picture　I　must

cite；　as　first　in　importance；　the　five　files　containing　all　the

documents　referring　to　the　mission　of　the　representative　Albert；　in

Aisne　and　Marne。　　（Vent？se　and　Germinal；　year　III。）　Nowhere　do　we　find

more　precise　details　of　the　sentiments　of　the　peasant；　of　the　common

laborer　and　of　the　lower　bourgeois　from　1792　to　1795。　　（Archives

Nationales；　D。　　§§　2　to　5。）



＇62＇　Daubari；　〃La　Demagogie　en　1793；〃　XII。　　（The　expression　of　an　old

peasant；　near　Saint…émilion；　to　M。　Vatel　engaged　in　collecting

information　on　the　last　days　of　Petion；　Guadet　and　Buzot。）



＇63＇　Archives　Nationales；　D。　　§　I。；　5。　　（Petition　of　Claude　Defert；

miller；　and　national　agent　of　Turgy。）　Numbers　of　mayors；　municipal

officers；　national　agents；　administrators　and　notables　of　districts

and　departments　solicit　successors；　and　Albert　compels　many　of　them　to

remain　in　office。　　…　（Joint　letter　of　the　entire　municipality　of

Landreville；　letter　of　Charles；　stone…cutter；　mayor　of　Trannes；　Claude

Defert；　miller；　national　agent　of　Turgy；　of　Elegny；　meat…dealer；　of　a

wine…grower；　municipal　official　at　Merrex；　etc。）　The　latter　writes：

〃The　Republic　is　great　and　generous；　it　does　not　desire　that　its

children　should　ruin　themselves　in　attending　to　its　affairs；　on　the

contrary；　its　object　is　to　give　salaried　（emolumentaires）　places　to

those　who　have　nothing　to　live　on。　　…　Another；　Mageure；　appointed

mayor　of　Bar…sur…Seine　writes；　Pluvi？se　29；　year　III。：　〃I　learned

yesterday　that　some　persons　of　this　community　would　like　to　procure

for　me　the　insidious　gift　of　the　mayoralty；〃　and　he　begs　Albert　to

turn　aside　this　cup。



＇64＇　〃Souvenirs　de　M。　Hua；〃　178…205。　　〃M。　P。。。　　；　mayor　of　Crépy…au…

Mont；　knew　how　to　restrain　some　low　fellows　who　would　have　been　only

too　glad　to　revolutionize　his　village。　　。　　。　　。　　And　yet　he　was　a

republican。　　。　　。　　。　　One　day；　speaking　of　the　revolutionary　system；

he　said：　'They　always　say　that　it　will　not　hold　on；　meanwhile；　it

sticks　like　lice。'　〃　…　〃A　general　assembly　of　the　inhabitants　of　Coucy

and　its　outskirts　was　held；　in　which　everybody　was　obliged　to　undergo

an　examination；　stating　his　name；　residence；　birth…place；　present

occupation；　and　what　he　had　done　during　the　Revolution。〃　Hua　avoids

telling　that　he　had　been　a　representative　in　the　Legislative　Assembly；

a　recognized　fact　in　the　neighborhood：　〃Not　a　voice　was　raised　to

compromise　me。〃　…　Ibid。；　183。　　（Reply　of　the　Coucy　Revolutionary

Committee　to　that　of　Meaux。）



＇65＇　〃Frochot；〃　by　Louis　Passy；　175。　　（Letter　of　Pajot；　member　of　the

Revolutionary　committee　of　Troyes；　Vendémiaire；　year　III。）　…　Archives

Nationales；　F。7；　4421。　　（Register　of　the　Revolutionary　committee　of

Troyes。）　Bru