¡¶stories to tell to children(¶ùͯ¹ÊÊÂ)¡·

ÏÂÔر¾Êé

Ìí¼ÓÊéÇ©

stories to tell to children(¶ùͯ¹ÊÊÂ)- µÚ4²¿·Ö


°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡û »ò ¡ú ¿É¿ìËÙÉÏÏ·­Ò³£¬°´¼üÅÌÉ쵀 Enter ¼ü¿É»Øµ½±¾ÊéĿ¼ҳ£¬°´¼üÅÌÉÏ·½Ïò¼ü ¡ü ¿É»Øµ½±¾Ò³¶¥²¿£¡



the¡¡pronunciation¡¡and¡¡voice£»¡¡even¡¡to¡¡an¡¡unanalytical¡¡ear£»¡¡the¡¡meaning¡¡is¡¡

obscured¡¡by¡¡inaccurate¡¡inflection¡¡and¡¡uncertain¡¡or¡¡corrupt¡¡enunciation£»¡¡but£»¡¡

worst¡¡of¡¡all£»¡¡the¡¡personal¡¡atmosphere£»¡¡the¡¡aroma£»¡¡of¡¡the¡¡idea¡¡has¡¡been¡¡lost¡¡

in¡¡transmission¡¡through¡¡a¡¡clumsy£»¡¡ill¡­fitted¡¡medium¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡thing¡¡said¡¡may¡¡look¡¡the¡¡same¡¡on¡¡a¡¡printed¡¡page£»¡¡but¡¡it¡¡is¡¡not¡¡the¡¡

same¡¡when¡¡spoken¡£¡¡And¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡spoken¡¡sentence¡¡which¡¡is¡¡the¡¡original¡¡and¡¡

the¡¡usual¡¡mode¡¡of¡¡communication¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡widespread¡¡¡¡¡¡poverty¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡expression¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡English£»¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡thus¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

matter¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¨how£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡we¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡awakening£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡corrected¡¡

chiefly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡least¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡first£»¡¡¡¡¡¡by¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡common¡¡¡¡¡¡schools¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡The¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ideal¡¡

place¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡average¡¡¡¡¡¡home¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡United¡¡¡¡¡¡States¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡longer¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

possible¡¡place¡¡for¡¡it¡£¡¡The¡¡child¡¡of¡¡foreign¡¡parents£»¡¡the¡¡child¡¡of¡¡parents¡¡little¡¡

educated¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡bred¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡limited¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡circumstances£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡child¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡powerful¡¡

provincial¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡influences£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡depend¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡school¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡standards¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

English¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡it¡¡is¡¡the¡¡elementary¡¡school¡¡which¡¡must¡¡meet¡¡the¡¡need£»¡¡if¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡be¡¡

met¡¡at¡¡all¡£¡¡For¡¡the¡¡conception¡¡of¡¡English¡¡expression¡¡which¡¡I¡¡am¡¡talking¡¡of¡¡

can¡¡find¡¡no¡¡mode¡¡of¡¡instruction¡¡adequate¡¡to¡¡its¡¡meaning£»¡¡save¡¡in¡¡constant¡¡

appeal¡¡to¡¡the¡¡ear£»¡¡at¡¡an¡¡age¡¡so¡¡early¡¡that¡¡unconscious¡¡habit¡¡is¡¡formed¡£¡¡No¡¡

rules£»¡¡no¡¡analytical¡¡instruction¡¡in¡¡later¡¡development£»¡¡can¡¡accomplish¡¡what¡¡

is¡¡¡¡¡¡needed¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Hearing¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡speaking£»¡¡¡¡¡¡imitating£»¡¡¡¡¡¡unwittingly¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡wittingly£»¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡

good¡¡model£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡to¡¡this¡¡method¡¡we¡¡must¡¡look¡¡for¡¡redemption¡¡from¡¡present¡¡

conditions¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡believe¡¡we¡¡are¡¡on¡¡the¡¡eve¡¡of¡¡a¡¡real¡¡revolution¡¡in¡¡English¡¡teaching£»¡¡

only¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡revolution¡¡which¡¡will¡¡not¡¡break¡¡the¡¡peace¡£¡¡The¡¡new¡¡way¡¡will¡¡

leave¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡overwhelming¡¡¡¡¡¡preponderance¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡oral¡¡¡¡¡¡methods¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡up¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

fifth¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡sixth¡¡¡¡¡¡grade£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡introduce¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡larger¡¡¡¡¡¡proportion¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡oral¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡

than¡¡has¡¡ever¡¡been¡¡contemplated¡¡in¡¡grammar¡¡and¡¡high¡¡school¡¡work¡£¡¡It¡¡will¡¡

recognize¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡fact¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡primarily¡¡¡¡¡¡something¡¡¡¡¡¡spoken¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

mouth¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡heard¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡ear¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡recognition¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡greatest¡¡

weight¡¡in¡¡the¡¡systems¡¡of¡¡elementary¡¡teaching¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡is¡¡as¡¡an¡¡aid¡¡in¡¡oral¡¡teaching¡¡of¡¡English¡¡that¡¡story¡­telling¡¡in¡¡school¡¡

finds¡¡its¡¡second¡¡value£»¡¡ethics¡¡is¡¡the¡¡first¡¡ground¡¡of¡¡its¡¡usefulness£»¡¡English¡¡

the¡¡second£»and¡¡after¡¡these£»¡¡the¡¡others¡£¡¡It¡¡is£»¡¡too£»¡¡for¡¡the¡¡oral¡¡uses¡¡that¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡14¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡15¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Stories¡¡To¡¡Tell¡¡Children¡¡



secondary¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡­telling¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡so¡¡¡¡¡¡available¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡By¡¡¡¡¡¡secondary¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡mean¡¡

those¡¡devices¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡tried¡¡to¡¡indicate£»¡¡as¡¡used¡¡by¡¡many¡¡American¡¡

teachers£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡chapter¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨Specific¡¡¡¡¡¡Schoolroom¡¡¡¡¡¡Uses£»¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡my¡¡¡¡¡¡earlier¡¡

book¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡They¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡re¡­telling£»¡¡¡¡¡¡dramatization£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡seat¡­work¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

these¡¡are¡¡a¡¡great¡¡power¡¡in¡¡the¡¡hands¡¡of¡¡a¡¡wise¡¡teacher¡£¡¡If¡¡combined¡¡with¡¡

much¡¡attention¡¡to¡¡voice¡¡and¡¡enunciation¡¡in¡¡the¡¡recital¡¡of¡¡poetry£»¡¡and¡¡with¡¡

much¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡¡¡¡¡reading¡¡¡¡¡¡aloud¡¡¡¡¡¡BY¡¡¡¡THE¡¡¡¡TEACHER£»¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡go¡¡¡¡¡¡far¡¡¡¡¡¡toward¡¡

setting¡¡a¡¡standard¡¡and¡¡developing¡¡good¡¡habit¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡provinces¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡confused¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡overestimated¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡trust¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡

may¡¡be¡¡pardoned¡¡for¡¡offering¡¡a¡¡caution¡¡or¡¡two¡¡to¡¡the¡¡enthusiastic¡¡advocate¡¡

of¡¡these¡¡methods£»cautions¡¡the¡¡need¡¡of¡¡which¡¡has¡¡been¡¡forced¡¡upon¡¡me£»¡¡in¡¡

experience¡¡with¡¡schools¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡teacher¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡uses¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡oral¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡feature¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡little¡¡

children¡¡must¡¡never¡¡lose¡¡sight¡¡of¡¡the¡¡fact¡¡that¡¡it¡¡is¡¡an¡¡aid¡¡in¡¡unconscious¡¡

development£»¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡factor¡¡in¡¡studied£»¡¡¡¡conscious¡¡improvement¡£¡¡¡¡This¡¡truth¡¡

cannot¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡too¡¡¡¡¡¡strongly¡¡¡¡realized¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Other¡¡¡¡¡¡exercises£»¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡sufficiency£»¡¡¡¡¡¡give¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

opportunity¡¡for¡¡regulated¡¡effort¡¡for¡¡definite¡¡results£»¡¡but¡¡the¡¡story¡¡is¡¡one¡¡of¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡play¡­¡¡¡¡¡¡forces¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡Its¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡English¡¡¡¡¡¡teaching¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡most¡¡¡¡¡¡valuable¡¡¡¡¡¡when¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

teacher¡¡has¡¡a¡¡keen¡¡appreciation¡¡of¡¡the¡¡natural¡¡order¡¡of¡¡growth¡¡in¡¡the¡¡art¡¡of¡¡

expression£º¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡¡¡¡¡¡requires£»¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡old¡¡¡¡¡¡rhetorics¡¡used¡¡¡¡¡¡often¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡put¡¡¡¡¡¡it£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨a¡¡

natural¡¡facility£»¡¡succeeded¡¡by¡¡an¡¡acquired¡¡difficulty¡£¡¨¡¡In¡¡other¡¡words£»¡¡the¡¡

power¡¡of¡¡expression¡¡depends£»¡¡first£»¡¡on¡¡something¡¡more¡¡fundamental¡¡than¡¡

the¡¡art¡­element£»¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡it¡¡is¡¡something¡¡to¡¡say£»¡¡ACCOMPANIED¡¡BY¡¡

AN¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡URGENT¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡DESIRE¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡TO¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡SAY¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡IT£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡YIELDED¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡TO¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡WITH¡¡

FREEDOM£»¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡after¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡stage¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡reached¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡art¡­phase¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡any¡¡

use¡£¡¡The¡¡¡¨why¡¨¡¡and¡¡¡¨how£»¡¨¡¡the¡¡analytical¡¡and¡¡constructive¡¡phases£»¡¡have¡¡no¡¡

natural¡¡place¡¡in¡¡this¡¡first¡¡vital¡¡epoch¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Precisely¡¡here£»¡¡however£»¡¡does¡¡the¡¡dramatizing¡¡of¡¡stories¡¡and¡¡the¡¡paper¡­¡¡

cutting£»¡¡¡¡¡¡etc¡££»¡¡¡¡¡¡become¡¡¡¡¡¡useful¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡A¡¡¡¡¡¡fine¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡thoughtful¡¡¡¡¡¡principal¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡

school¡¡¡¡¡¡asked¡¡¡¡¡¡me£»¡¡¡¡¡¡recently£»¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡real¡¡¡¡¡¡concern£»¡¡¡¡¡¡about¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡growing¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

such¡¡devices¡£¡¡He¡¡said£»¡¡¡¨Paper¡­cutting¡¡is¡¡good£»¡¡but¡¡what¡¡has¡¡it¡¡to¡¡do¡¡with¡¡

English£¿¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡And¡¡¡¡¡¡then¡¡¡¡¡¡he¡¡¡¡¡¡added£º¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¨The¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡use¡¡¡¡¡¡abominable¡¡¡¡¡¡language¡¡

when¡¡¡¡¡¡they¡¡¡¡¡¡play¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡stories£»¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡directly¡¡¡¡¡¡aid¡¡¡¡¡¡them¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡speak¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡good¡¡

English£¿¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡His¡¡¡¡¡¡observation¡¡¡¡¡¡was¡¡¡¡¡¡close¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡correct£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡conservatism¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡15¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡16¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Stories¡¡To¡¡Tell¡¡Children¡¡



more¡¡¡¡¡¡valuable¡¡¡¡¡¡than¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡enthusiasm¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡some¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡his¡¡¡¡¡¡colleagues¡¡¡¡¡¡who¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡

advocated¡¡sweeping¡¡use¡¡of¡¡the¡¡supplementary¡¡work¡£¡¡But¡¡his¡¡point¡¡of¡¡view¡¡

ignored¡¡the¡¡basis¡¡of¡¡expression£»¡¡which¡¡is¡¡to¡¡my¡¡mind¡¡so¡¡important¡£¡¡Paper¡­¡¡

cutting¡¡is¡¡external¡¡to¡¡English£»¡¡of¡¡course¡£¡¡Its¡¡only¡¡connection¡¡is¡¡in¡¡its¡¡power¡¡

to¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡correlate¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡different¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡forms¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡expression£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡react¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡speech¡­¡¡

expression¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡sense¡­stimulus¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡But¡¡¡¡¡¡playing¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡story¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡closer¡¡

relative¡¡to¡¡English¡¡than¡¡this¡£¡¡It¡¡helps£»¡¡amazingly£»¡¡in¡¡giving¡¡the¡¡¡¨something¡¡

to¡¡say£»¡¡the¡¡urgent¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡say¡¡it£»¡¨¡¡and¡¡the¡¡freedom¡¡in¡¡trying¡£¡¡Never¡¡mind¡¡

the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡crudities£»at¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡least£»¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡time£»¡¡¡¡¡¡work¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡joyous¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡freedom£»¡¡

inventiveness£»¡¡and¡¡natural¡¡forms¡¡of¡¡reproduction¡¡of¡¡the¡¡ideas¡¡given¡£¡¡Look¡¡

for¡¡¡¡¡¡very¡¡¡¡¡¡gradual¡¡¡¡¡¡changes¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡speech£»¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡permeating¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡

imitation£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡do¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡forget¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡stage¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡expression¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡

inevitably¡¡precedes¡¡art¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡All¡¡¡¡¡¡this¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡mean¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡no¡¡¡¡¡¡corrections¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡made£»¡¡¡¡¡¡except¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡flagrant¡¡

cases¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡slang¡¡¡¡¡¡or¡¡¡¡¡¡grammar£»¡¡¡¡¡¡though¡¡¡¡¡¡all¡¡¡¡¡¡bad¡¡¡¡¡¡slips¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡mentally¡¡¡¡¡¡noted£»¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡

introduction¡¡¡¡¡¡at¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡more¡¡¡¡¡¡favorable¡¡¡¡¡¡time¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡It¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡mean¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡teacher¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡

respect¡¡the¡¡continuity¡¡of¡¡thought¡¡and¡¡interest¡¡as¡¡completely¡¡as¡¡she¡¡would¡¡

wish¡¡¡¡¡¡an¡¡¡¡¡¡audience¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡respect¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡occasional¡¡¡¡¡¡prosy¡¡¡¡¡¡periods¡¡¡¡¡¡if¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡were¡¡

reading¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡report¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡She¡¡¡¡¡¡will¡¡¡¡¡¡remember£»¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡course¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡training¡¡

actors¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡amateur¡¡¡¡¡¡theatricals£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however¡¡¡¡¡¡tempting¡¡¡¡¡¡her¡¡¡¡¡¡show¡­material¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡

be£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡she¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡simply¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡letting¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡play¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡expression£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡just¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡a¡¡

gymnasium¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡teacher¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡introduces¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡muscular¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡play£»for¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡power¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡through¡¡

relaxation¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡When¡¡the¡¡time¡¡comes¡¡that¡¡the¡¡¡¡actors¡¡lose¡¡their¡¡unconsciousness¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

the¡¡end¡¡of¡¡the¡¡story¡­play¡£¡¡Drilled¡¡work£»¡¡the¡¡beginning¡¡of¡¡the¡¡art£»¡¡is¡¡then¡¡the¡¡

necessity¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡I¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡indicated¡¡¡¡¡¡that¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡may¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡¡¡¡¡left¡¡¡¡¡¡undisturbed¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡

crudities¡¡and¡¡occasional¡¡absurdities¡£¡¡The¡¡teacher£»¡¡on¡¡the¡¡other¡¡hand£»¡¡must¡¡

avoid£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡with¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡great¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡judgment£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡certain¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡absurdities¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡can¡¡¡¡¡¡easily¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡

initiated¡¡by¡¡her¡£¡¡The¡¡first¡¡direful¡¡possibility¡¡is¡¡in¡¡the¡¡choice¡¡of¡¡material¡£¡¡It¡¡

is¡¡very¡¡desirable¡¡that¡¡children¡¡should¡¡not¡¡be¡¡allowed¡¡to¡¡dramatize¡¡stories¡¡

of¡¡a¡¡kind¡¡so¡¡poetic£»¡¡so¡¡delicate£»¡¡or¡¡so¡¡potentially¡¡valuable¡¡that¡¡the¡¡material¡¡

is¡¡in¡¡danger¡¡of¡¡losing¡¡future¡¡beauty¡¡to¡¡the¡¡pupils¡¡through¡¡its¡¡present¡¡crude¡¡

handling¡£¡¡Mother¡¡Goose¡¡is¡¡a¡¡hardy¡¡old¡¡lady£»¡¡and¡¡will¡¡not¡¡suffer¡¡from¡¡the¡¡



¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡16¡¡


¡­¡¡Page¡¡17¡­

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Stories¡¡To¡¡Tell¡¡Children¡¡



grasp¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡seven¡­year¡­old£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡familiar¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡fables¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡tales¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

¡¨Goldilocks¡¨¡¡¡¡¡¡variety¡¡¡¡¡¡have¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡firmness¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡surface¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡does¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡let¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

glamour¡¡¡¡¡¡rub¡¡¡¡¡¡off£»¡¡¡¡¡¡but¡¡¡¡¡¡stories¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡there¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡hint¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡beauty¡¡¡¡¡¡just¡¡

beyond¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡palpableor¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡dignity¡¡¡¡suggestive¡¡of¡¡developed¡¡literature¡¡

are¡¡¡¡¡¡sorely¡¡¡¡hurt¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡their¡¡¡¡¡¡metamorphosis£»¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡should¡¡¡¡¡¡be¡¡protected¡¡¡¡¡¡from¡¡¡¡it¡£¡¡

They¡¡are¡¡for¡¡telling¡¡only¡£¡¡

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡Another¡¡¡¡¡¡point¡¡¡¡¡¡on¡¡¡¡¡¡which¡¡¡¡¡¡it¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡necessary¡¡¡¡¡¡to¡¡¡¡¡¡exercise¡¡¡¡¡¡reserve¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

degree¡¡to¡¡which¡¡any¡¡story¡¡can¡¡be¡¡acted¡£¡¡In¡¡the¡¡justifiable¡¡desire¡¡to¡¡bring¡¡a¡¡

large¡¡¡¡¡¡number¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡children¡¡¡¡¡¡into¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡action¡¡¡¡¡¡one¡¡¡¡¡¡must¡¡¡¡¡¡not¡¡¡¡¡¡lose¡¡¡¡¡¡sight¡¡¡¡¡¡of¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡

sanity¡¡and¡¡propriety¡¡of¡¡the¡¡presentation¡£¡¡For¡¡example£»¡¡one¡¡must¡¡not¡¡make¡¡a¡¡

ridiculous¡¡¡¡¡¡caricature£»¡¡¡¡¡¡where¡¡¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡¡¡picture£»¡¡¡¡¡¡however¡¡¡¡¡¡crude£»¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡¡¡intention¡£¡¡

Personally¡¡¡¡¡¡represent¡¡¡¡¡¡only¡¡¡¡¡¡such¡¡¡¡¡¡things¡¡¡¡¡¡as¡¡¡¡¡¡are¡¡¡¡¡¡definitely¡¡¡¡¡¡and¡¡¡¡¡¡dramatically¡¡

personified¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡in¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡story¡£¡¡¡¡¡¡If¡¡¡¡a¡¡¡¡natural¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡force£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡the¡¡¡¡wind£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡for¡¡¡¡¡¡example£»¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡is¡¡

represented¡¡as¡¡talking¡¡and¡¡acting¡¡like¡¡a¡¡human¡¡being¡¡in¡¡the¡¡story£»¡¡it¡¡can¡¡be¡¡

imaged¡¡by¡¡a¡¡person¡¡in¡¡the¡¡play£»¡¡but¡¡if¡¡it¡¡remains¡¡a¡¡part¡¡of¡¡the¡¡picture¡¡in¡¡the¡¡

story£»¡¡performing¡¡only¡¡its¡¡natural¡¡motions£»¡¡it¡¡is¡¡a¡¡caricature¡¡to¡¡enact¡¡it¡¡as¡¡a¡¡

role¡£¡¡The¡¡most¡¡powerful¡¡instance¡¡of¡¡a¡¡mistake¡¡of¡¡this¡¡kind¡¡which¡¡I¡¡have¡¡

ever
СÌáʾ£º°´ »Ø³µ [Enter] ¼ü ·µ»ØÊéÄ¿£¬°´ ¡û ¼ü ·µ»ØÉÏÒ»Ò³£¬ °´ ¡ú ¼ü ½øÈëÏÂÒ»Ò³¡£ ÔÞһϠÌí¼ÓÊéÇ©¼ÓÈëÊé¼Ü